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Options for Propulsion In Space The propulsion means discussed below may be used in addition to, or as a substitute for, one another. They are used to adjust direction and speed in space as well as orient the spacecraft. They each have different strengths and weaknesses. Gold gas thrusters are a cheap and easy means to offer propulsion to a spacecraft. Releasing gas into space will quickly push the gas molecules into space and push the CubeSat in the opposite direction. Cold gas tthsters are relatively safe and require fewI moving parts. Unfortunately, CubeSat standards limit the amount of pressure and container size used. This limits cold gas thrusters to the amount of gas that they can hold within these limits. Chemical propulsion uses chemical reactions to generate high pressures and releases matter through a nozzle. This generates a good amount of propulsion and can be effective in CubeSat maneuvering. However, many types of chemical propulsion ingredients are not allowed due to CubeSat regulations and local launching regulations. There are some safe forms of chemical propellants currently under development, which look promising for the future. Similar to cold gas thrusters, chemical propulsion techniques can only offer limited propulsion based on the amount of chemicals that a CubeSat can hold. Electric propulsion uses electric systems to shoot out propellant at very high speeds. This allows the spacecraft to have a high specific impulse. Specific impulse is a measure of how efficiently the rockets are using a propellant. Electric propulsion offers a way to use propellant more efficiently. Nevertheless, electric propulsion needs further development before it can be used heavily in CubeSats. It requires complex electrical systems and batteries that store more energy than is currently allowed to be used in CubeSats. In essence, electric propulsion is an option for CubeSats in the near future, but not in the present. Current research and development is expected to make their use possible very soon. SalarSails reflect solar radiation to create propulsion in space. Sometimes this is referred to as using radiation pressure. Solar sails are made of extremely thin mirrors that can be deployed in space. Since radiation pressure is relatively small, the solar sail must be quite large. This requires the sail to be deployed by the satellite once it is in space. This creates a huge potential for failure in an unforgiving environment. However, once properly deployed, solar sails are able to harness solar radiation indefinitely with no need for extra propellant. Harnessing radiation energy can take a long time but can accelerate objects to high speeds over long periods of lime. Solar sails would give small satellites the ability to travel much farther than possible with the other propulsion methods listed above. Using solar sails. GubeSats could potentially visit other planets and beyond. In 2010, Japan launched the first interplanetary spacecraft to use a solar sail. Elaclmmgnatic Brim l[Em Drives} are proposed by some as an alternative for propulsion in space. An Em Drive uses microwaves contained in a conically tapered resonant cavity to - according to its proponents - offer propellant-free propulsion. This - in theory - allows for long trips to the edge of our solar system and beyond. If they work, Em Drives could provide similar benefits to solar sails. with even better control of the spacecraft and more potential for deep space exploration. The problem is that Em Drives are still largely theoretical, and rather controversial. Critics argue that Em Drives cannot work because they would violate Newton's third law. Em Drives are not yet available for any space travel but may prove useful in the future. Notes from meeting with Ray You have a faoe to face meeting with Ray. Below are some notes from that meeting. Ray thinks that other companies may begin to manufacture solar sails if sails are proven useful. He l-cnows of a few companies that have made solar sails in the past. However, no companies are manufachring solar sails for CubeSats at this lime. Ray thinks that other companies will likely follow FLUX into the GubeSat sail market if FLUX is successful. Flay feels that the space industry is relatively tame and competition will exist, but will not be intense. Ray is interested in manufacturing only one type of solar sails, using Mylar Aluminized PET lm. FLUX could manufacture this type of solar sail in-house. FLUX Spaoe already purchases the same materials needed for Mylar from their current suppliers. Suppliers would have little conb'ol over FLUX. Many of FLUX Space's suppliers have been poor at delivering products on lime in the past. In general, FLUX Space has a relatively unstable supply. Ray's customers would be the individuals, businesses, universities and governments that build CubeSats. These customers would have varying amounts of power over him. Ray does not expect them to be able to push him around a lot. Customer demand is not expected to be stable. FLUX Spaoe's manufacturing process for their Mylar solar sails would be state of the art. The new Mylar made at Flux Space's facilities would be the best available. They would likely have issues getting Mylar manufactured at the beginning of the process. As the process continues. it should become increasingly stable. Ray expects to hold the largest share of the solar sail industry. Ray knows that CubeSats are quickly gaining popularity and expects the industry to begin growing faster in the coming years. Ftay mentioned that he is a member of the Planetary Societyr a popular organization. Ray wants to help them achieve their goals of using solar sails as a means of propulsion. Your Mission Ray has asked you to come up with some strategy implications for his business and the industry in general. Specifically, he wants you to: . Use Porters 5 Forces to look at the solar sail industry. . Identify where solar sails lie on the GrowthShare Matrix. . Conduct a SWOT analysis on solar sails. - Use Lee's matrix to identify the proper supply chain strategy for FLUX Space. Part 1 a 0.0}'ID point {graded} Use Porter's 5 forces to break down the solar sail (for CubeSats} industry for a company considering entry. Please answer the questions below using onlyr the information provided above. Which level of internal rivalry would you say exists between competitors in the solar sail manufacturing industry at this point, in the present time? 0 Internal rivalry is low 0 Internal rivalry is medium 0 Internal rivalry is high Submit You have used 0 of 2 attempts SE\" Part 1 b 0.0}'ID point {graded} If FLUX Space were successful and profitable in their solar sails. what would you say would be the threat of new entrants at that point in the future? [Notice that this question and this question only refers to a future time, predicated on the assumption that solar sails are successful.) 0 It is impossible for other companies to enter 0 New entrants in that future would not be likely 0 New entrants in that future would be likely Submit You have used 0 of 2 attempts s\"! Part 1 c 0.0m: point {graded} What would you say is the relative power that suppliers have over FLUX? O Suppliers have little or no power 0 Suppliers have intermediate power 0 Suppliers have a lot or power Smeit You have used Def 2 attempts saw Part 1 d 0.0\".0 point (graded) What would you say is the relative power of customers over FLUX? 0 Customers have no power whatsoever 0 Customers have some power, but not much 0 Customers have a lot of power Part 2 0 UPLO point {gmdedl Please answer the questions below using only the information provided above. Where do you think that solar sails fall in the Growth-Share Matrix? 0 Dog 0 Cash Cow 0 Question Mark 0 Star Submil You have used 0 of 2 attempts 53\" Part 3 a 0 011.0 o-Dint {graded} Conduct a current Leg. for the present) SWOT analysis for FLUX Space and their Cubesat solar sails. Strengths of FLUX Space solar sails. Select all that apply. Note that upon submission if some points have been awarded, all options selected Will be marked as green [even the wrong ones]. If no points have been awarded, all options selected will be marked as red {even the right ones] A message indicating "oorr ", "partially correct" or "incorrect" will appear below the question, We know this can be confusing and are working with edX software engineers on this issue _ FLUX Space solar sails are primed to offer unlimited propulsion after deployment FLUX Space has many rivals in this market FLUX Space solar sails are well tested in outer space FLUX Space has experience making space equipment FLUX Space can manufacture solar sails in house Part 3 b 0.0/1.0 point (graded) Weaknesses of FLUX Space solar sails. Select all that apply. Note that upon submission, if some points have been awarded, all options selected will be marked as green (even the wrong ones). If no points have been awarded, all options selected will be marked as red (even the right ones). A message indicating "correct", "partially correct" or "incorrect" will appear below the question. We know this can be confusing and are working with edX software engineers on this issue. FLUX Space can get pushed around by their suppliers FLUX Space suppliers are unreliable FLUX Space customers can easily switch to other propulsion methods FLUX Space solar sails cannot quickly change the direction of a satellite FLUX Space customers exhibit an excessive amount of control over them Submit You have used 0 of 2 attempts Save Part 3 c 0.0/1.0 point (graded) Opportunities for FLUX Space solar sails. Select all that apply. Note that upon submission, if some points have been awarded, all options selected will be marked as green (even the wrong ones). If no points have been awarded, all options selected will be marked as red (even the right ones). A message indicating "correct", "partially correct" or "incorrect" will appear below the question. We know this can be confusing and are working with edX software engineers on this issue. Licensing their patented Mylar Solar Sail technology Develop a larger market segment Give suppliers more power Work with the Planetary Society to promote interest in solar sails Create scalable sails for larger government and private spacecraft missions Submit You have used 0 of 2 attempts SavePart 3 d 0.0/1.0 point (graded) Threats for FLUX Space solar sails. Select all that apply. Note that upon submission, if some points have been awarded, all options selected will be marked as green (even the wrong ones). If no points have been awarded, all options selected will be marked as red (even the right ones). A message indicating "correct", "partially correct" or "incorrect" will appear below the question. We know this can be confusing and are working with edx software engineers on this issue. OEm Drive development and acceptance in the market A growing market segment Shifting consumer preferences Late deliveries from suppliers Decreasingly powerful customers Submit You have used 0 of 2 attempts Save Part 4 0.0/1.0 point (graded) What type of supply chain would you recommend for Ray given its placement on Lee's Matrix?Select the best answer. O Efficient Supply Chain O Responsive Supply Chain Risk-Hedging Supply Chain O Agile Supply ChainH ISODKI'I'III'K II'IIE page FLux Space You are now working as a consultant in supply chain management and have been recently hired by Ray Helios, the CEO of FLUX Space. FLUX is an aerospace systems company, well known for creating metallic components for CubeSats, a new type of small-scale spacecraft. FLUX is considering entering a new business: the manufacture of solar sails. Bay has been closely following the Planetary Society's attempts at using solar sails, and he thinks that FLUX can help. Ray also knows that there could be astronomical profit margins on the manufacture of solar sails in the near future. You have a phone call with Ray to discuss his ideas. After you hang up, you decide to do some initial research on solar sails and CubeSats, using easily available resources like Wikipedia and further sources for Validation. {A list of references is provided at the end}. Here is what you found. CubeSats Space travel has historically been both costly and difficult. A large fraction of the cost is the fuel required to get a spacecraft out of the Earth's atmosphere. Fuel is also required once the craft is in space, to change its direction, speed or orientation. Fuel is heavy, and carrying fuel to be used in space requires extra fuel during the launch process. Because of this, any extra fuel that is included to be used while in space results in signicant cost increases even at the time of the launch of the spacecraft. This cost pressure, along with other considerations, has moved aerospace innovation towards smaller, cheaper spacecraft. Companies like Space)! now launch new small scale spacecraft used for educational, research and exploration purposes that are called CubeSats CubeSats must fit in a cube 'IGI cm by 'IU cm by 10 cm and weight less than 1.33 kg. One of the key difficulties for CubeSat creators is finding the right propulsion system to be used once the craft is in space. A few standard means of propulsion used by CubeEats in space travel are discussed below