Organic Chemistry Structure and Function by Peter Vollhardt and Neil Schore 6th Edition, exercise 19-9. Someone please teach me.

Exercise 19-9 Try It Yourself Using chemical equations, show how you would convert each of the following halogenated com- pounds into a carboxylic acid with one additional carbon atom. If more than one method can be used successfully, show all. If not, give the reason behind your choice of approach. (a) 1-Chloropentane; (b) iodocyclopentane; (c) 4-bromobutanoic acid (Hint: See Sections 8-7 and 8-9): (d) chloroethene (Hint: See Section 13-9); (e) bromocyclopropane (Hint: See Problem 60 of Chapter 6). Hydrolysis of the nitrile group in a cyanohydrin, prepared by addition of HCN to an aldehyde or a ketone (Section 17-11), is a general route to 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids, which possess antiseptic properties. OH