Over the past 10 years, the Dharma Initiative has been investing substantially in R&D dedicated to understanding meteorology, psychology, parapsychology, zoology, and electromagnetism. Their FY 2020 Income Statement and their R&D expenditures are below. The market value of Debt is $10,035.3 and the current share price is $48.15

a. Calculate the amortized portion of R&D, if the amortization period is 8 years

b. Calculate the unamortized portion of R&D, if the amortization period is 8 years

c. What is the value after-tax Adjusted Operating Income, using the effective tax rate?

d. What is the Return on Capital before adjusting for R&D?

e. What is the Return on Capital after adjusting for R&D?

2019 Revenues Net Sales 110,225.0 (72,653.0) (19,740.0) (1,989.0) Expenses Cost of Sales Seling, General and Administrativ Depreciation and Amortization Impairment Loss Interest Expense Interest and Investment Income R&D Expense Earnings before Taxes (1,201.0) 73.00 (335.4) 14,379.6 Taxes and Other Expenses Provision for Income Tax Net Income (Loss) (3.473.0) 10,906.6 Supplementary Info Diluted EPS - Continuing Operation 15.67 R&D Expenses 2020 335.4 2019 624.7 2018 190.8 2017 111.6 2016 30.2 2015 1,452.4 2014 902.2 2013 100.9 2012 45.8 2011 27.9 2010 79.6 2019 Revenues Net Sales 110,225.0 (72,653.0) (19,740.0) (1,989.0) Expenses Cost of Sales Seling, General and Administrativ Depreciation and Amortization Impairment Loss Interest Expense Interest and Investment Income R&D Expense Earnings before Taxes (1,201.0) 73.00 (335.4) 14,379.6 Taxes and Other Expenses Provision for Income Tax Net Income (Loss) (3.473.0) 10,906.6 Supplementary Info Diluted EPS - Continuing Operation 15.67 R&D Expenses 2020 335.4 2019 624.7 2018 190.8 2017 111.6 2016 30.2 2015 1,452.4 2014 902.2 2013 100.9 2012 45.8 2011 27.9 2010 79.6