Paper $1$:

Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity of Boron$-$Doped

Graphene Derived from Boron Carbide

Thazhe Veettil Vineesh, M$.$ Praveen Kumar, Chisato Takahashi, Golap Kalita,

Subbiah Alwarappan," Deepak K$.$ Pattanayak," and Tharangattu N$.$ Narayanan$*$

Adv. Energy Mater. $2015,5,1500658$

Paper $2$:

Synergistic effects of dopants on the spin density of catalytic active centres of

$N-$doped fluorinated graphene for oxygen reduction reaction

Thazhe Veettil Vineesh ${?}^2,$ Mohammad Azeezulla Nazrulla ${?}^2,$ Sailaja Krishnamoorthy ${?}^2.$

T$.$V$.$ Vineesh et al$./$ Applied Materials Today $1(2015)74-79$

Paper $3$:

Nitrogen Doped Graphene as Metal Free Electrocatalyst for

Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media and Its

Application in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

M$.$ Praveen Kumar,a$,=$ Madhan Mohan Raju,a$,=$ A$.$ Arunchander,b Subbulakshmi Selvaraj,"

Golap Kalita, $\text{'}$ Tharangattu N$.$ Narayanan, ${?}^{,x}$ A$.$ K$.$ Sahu, ${?}^{b,x}$ and Deepak K$.$ Pattanayak ${?}^{a,x}$

Journal of The Electrochemical Society, $163(8)$ F$848-$F$855(2016)$

Based upon a reading of the above $3$ papers, answer the following questions:

i$.$ What is the Working, Counter and Reference Electrodes used in each of the $3$

papers?

ii$.$ Describe, how the Electrodes are assembled and the electrochemical experiments,

set up$,$ for the electrochemical experiments in each of the papers.

iii. What is meant by a Bi$-$functional electrode, and discuss what experimental

technique you can use to demonstrate if a material is a good bi$-$functional

electrode? Illustrate in these papers, if the authors have been able to demonstrate

bi$-$functionality, as they claim.

iv$.$ In Paper $1,$ which electrode has been demonstrated as a superior electrode for the

Oxygen Reduction Reaction? Explain what is the key observation that enables one

electrode to be far superior to another.

v$.$ In Paper $2,$ for the NFG electrode, what is the significance of the CV peak position,

that is in observed in Figure $3$A$?$ How does this feed into the argument that NFG

electrodes are better than a few others reported in literature?

vi$.$ Explain the experimental procedure used, in Paper $3,$ how Melamine can be used to

dope graphene to form the $N-$Doped graphene.

vii. After analysing the electrochemical data, in all these $3$ papers, explain how$/$ why

some of these doped graphene catalysts are Bi$-$Functional.