paraphrase Gaining Attention (Reception) requires bringing order to chaos in the introductory phase. Informing Learners of the Objective (Expectancy) requires presentation. Stimulating Recall of Prior Learning (Retrieval) requires questioning. Presenting the Stimulus (Selective Perception) again requires presentation of material. Providing Learning Guidance (Semantic Encoding) requires prompting and fading of support and guidance, often through group work, but also individually. Eliciting Performance (Responding) requires an assignment, which could be written, visual or oral, while Providing Feedback (Reinforcement) again needs a tailored presentation