Parent and Friend Emotion Socialization in Early Adolescence: Their Uni... 1 / 14 143% + Parent and Friend Emation Sociation in Early Adolescence Unique and Interactive Contributions to Emotion Regulation Ability Journal of Youth and Adolescence https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01855-x EMPIRICAL RESEARCH 1 2 Parent and Friend Emotion Socialization in Early Adolescence: Their Unique and Interactive Contributions to Emotion Regulation Ability Juan Wang 1,2. Mingzhu Wang. Xiaopeng Du Karine Maria Porpino Viana5 Ke Hou Hong Zou' Received: 4 May 2023 / Accepted: 21 August 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023 3 4 Check for updates ... Abstract During early adolescence, parental influence diminishes, whereas friends' influence increases in shaping emotion regulation abilities. However, it is unclear how parents and friends jointly contribute to emotion regulation abilities and how their joint effects vary by gender. This study examines fathers, mothers, and friends as simultaneous emotional socializers and considers the young adolescents' gender. The analysis drew on 438 young Chinese adolescents (55.7% girls, Mage = 11.39, SD = 1.28) who participated in a longitudinal survey over one year. Results showed that parental and friend emotion socialization have both distinct and joint effects. Friends' responses provided a unique contribution to emotion regulation abilities across gender, whereas parents' responses displayed unique contributions among girls. In predicting girls' emotion regulation abilities, mothers' supportive responses explained the additional variance beyond friends' responses, whereas fathers' unsupportive responses moderated the predictive power of friends' responses. These findings clarify emotion-related socialization theories and emphasize the importance of gender specific prevention programs focusing on emotion socialization from both parents and friends in early adolescence. Keywords Parent emotion socialization Peer emotion socialization Emotion regulation ability Gender difference Young adolescents