Part 1

First, in developing an accounting standard, the accounting standard setters must select the most appropriate policy from a range of alternatives for inclusion in accounting standards. The choice that they make is critical because it virtually determines accounting practice. Second, if there is no accounting standard, or if the standard either implicitly or explicitly allows a choice, the preparers of financial statements must select the most appropriate accounting policy for use in the preparation of financial statements to become creative accountants making choices about which accounting recognition, measurement and disclosure policies to use (Henderson et al, 2017 ).

AASB 108 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors deals with the choice of accounting policy. However, paragraph 7 of AASB 108 requires that, where there is a relevant Australian accounting standard, it must be applied.

Henderson et al (2017) argue that AASB 108, therefore, requires that the choice of accounting policies should result in financial statements that contain relevant and reliable information and are comparable and understandable. Relevant and reliable information is provided only when the economic substance, rather than the legal form, of a transaction is recorded and reported. (Henderson et al, 2017 p. 123).

Required:

You are required to critically examine above arguments and make your recommendations as to how accountants become creative accountants in the face of ever-increasing number of Australian accounting standards.

Report should incorporate the followings:

1. Explain Accounting policies in accordance with AASB 108 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.
2. How should Australian preparers of financial statements choose accounting policies when there are no applicable accounting standards?
3. Define creative accounting. What are the possible motives for such behavior? Name four general ways in which accountants can be creative.

Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K., Artiach, T., Howieson, B. (2017). Issues in Financial Accounting, 16th Edition, Pearson Australia, VIC 3008.

Part 2

Accounting policies

At a meeting on 16 June 2019, the directors of Swan Ltd decided to change the companys accounting policy in regard to research and development expenditure. In previous years, research and development expenditure had been capitalized and amortized over 3 years. In line with this policy, $75 000 was capitalized on 1 January 2018. The new policy is to write off all research and development to expense when incurred. During the year ended 30 June 2019, the company spent a further $62 000 on research and development which was capitalized on 1 January 2019. Research and development expenditure is allowable as a deduction for tax purposes when incurred.

Required

Prepare any note disclosures required by AASB 108/IAS 8 in respect of the change in accounting policy. Show all workings.

The purpose of this task is to assess the following Learning Outcomes:

a. Evaluate different accounting theories and their implications in policy choice by managers.

b. Synthesize the complex elements of the Conceptual Framework and apply them to accounting activities.

c. Apply their knowledge to identify strategies to meet accounting issues and problems in new situations.

Note; This is all available information. It is a clear questions.