Part 1: When a cache miss occurs on a memory read, the cache controller and memory take three major steps, assuming that the cache has no free cache line when the miss occurs. List the 3 MAJOR STEPS and briefly explain each one in the order they occur.

Part 2: Explain what a privileged instruction is. IN A COUPLE SENTENCES, explain why privileged instructions are needed in modern computer systems.

Part 3: Name and briefly describe three different uses for interrupts.

Part 4: Explain what a software interrupt is. Name and briefly describe one important application of software interrupts.