Petfood, Inc. manufactured dog litter to be sold to owners who typically lived in apartment buildings and had small dogs. A lot of money was invested in researching this product and then in marketing it to pet owners. It had been proven that dogs actually would use a litter box, but for some reason the owners were not convinced and did not purchase this product. Petfood, however, was equally as convinced that with greater marketing effort the product would eventually sell. The company continued to invest huge sums of money to promote this product, even though sales at this time were negligible. This could be an example of:

a$.$

Groupthink

b$.$

Escalation of Commitment

c$.$

The Abilene Paradox

d$.$

Group Polarization

e$.$

None of the above