Physical Science I PHYS 14-15 Lab 5 States of Matter Purpose To investigate the states of matter and their molecular interaction as we apply energy or remove energy from the system. Discussion We know the three states of matter to be solid, liquid and gas. In this lab, we will be demonstrating how adding energy or removing energy from a system and changing the temperature of the material affects it's phase and molecular interaction. Procedure SETUP Open the simulation: https: Z [phetcoloradoedu (Sims [html ( states-ofmatter [late st 1 states-ofmatter en.html PART A: Temperature versus molecular interaction Once the simulation opens, select the second tab option, Phase Changes and open it. Note: depending on the version of program being used, object lists and features may differ slightly. Try to familiarize yourself with the simulation by experimenting with the different menu options. Step 1: Neon's transition between states of matter a. On opening the simulation, you will notice Neon to be in its "solid" state of matter, and the default temperature to be at 14 K [above the container by the thermometer). Click on "14 K", and select the "-259 degrees C" reading, in order to switch units. We will be changing this temperature to study the particle interaction. b. Click and drag the temperature adjuster [below the container) up toward the "Heat" setting, and hold it there until the thermometer (by the cover of the container) reads around "-180 degrees C\". Observe the phase of matter, interaction between the particles, and describe any changes of speed in movement that may have taken place. c. Click and drag the temperature adjuster down toward the \"Cool" setting, and hold it there until the thermometer [by the cover of the container) reads around "-240 degrees C". Observe the phase of matter, interaction between the particles, and describe any changes of speed in movement that may have taken place. Physical Science I PHYS 14-15 (1. Click and drag the temperature adjuster down toward the \"Cool" setting, and hold it there until the thermometer [by the cover of the container) reads \"-273 degrees C\". Observe the phase of matter, interaction between the particles, and describe any changes of speed in movement that may have taken place. (Le. it's a solid/liquid/gas, the particles moved further/closer together, their speeds in/decreased, etc.) e. Summarize. Describe your findings in transitioning between the states of matter for Neon in terms of phase change, temperature, particle interaction and motion. Step 2: Water's transition between states of matter a. Click on the simulation "refresh" button to restart the simulation. Select "Water" in the "Atoms 8: Molecules" objects list. Water will be in its "solid" state of matter, and the default temperature is at 146 K. Click on "146 K", and select the "-127 degrees C" reading, in order to switch units. We will be changing this temperature to study the particle interaction. b. Click and drag the temperature adjuster up toward the \"Heat" setting, and hold it there until the thermometer [by the cover of the container) reads "100 degrees C". Observe the phase of matter, interaction between the particles, and describe any changes of speed in movement that may have taken place. c. Click and drag the temperature adjuster down toward the \"Cool" setting, and hold it there until the thermometer [by the cover of the container) reads "20 degrees C\". Observe the phase of matter, interaction between the particles, and describe any changes of speed in movement that may have taken place. (1. Predict. With Neon, you should have observed that as the substance changes phases from gas to liquid to solid, the particles get closer together, and move slower and slower. Ifyou were to add more energy to the water at this stage, predict what the molecules would act and look like at 0 degrees C, in their solid state. Physical Science I PHYS 14-15 e. Observe. Click and drag the temperature adjuster down toward the "Cool\" setting, and hold it there until the thermometer [by the cover of the container) reads "0 degrees C\". Observe the phase of matter, interaction between the particles, and describe any changes of speed in movement that may have taken place. f. Explain. Describe your findings in transitioning between the states of matter for Water in terms of phase change, temperature, particle interaction and motion. g. Conclusion. All particular interaction abides by similar rules in terms of phase change from gas to liquid to solids by moving closer together and slowing down in vibrational motion. Water, however, is the one exception to this rule in terms of molecular spacing. When energy is removed from water, it will continue to move closer together until it reaches about 4- degrees C, at which point, the molecules start moving further apart. An example of this on the East Coast, where precipitation and freezing temperatures are common in winter, cracks in roads and sidewalks are also very common. Why may this be so