Physicians collect an enormous amount of data about their patients. Most of these data are logged into electronic medical records (EMRs). These data are valuable and if analyzed properly, can provide physicians with wisdom and insight. Therefore, actions should be taken in order to utilize these data for making decisions that improve patients' care and subsequently their health. To that end, OntarioMD (www.ontariomd.ca) has developed an EMR-integrated health management tool to provide clinicians with insight into the data they input into the system. OntarioMD is a subsidiary of the Ontario Medical Association and is funded by the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. OntarioMD aims at supporting physician practices in Ontario in the selection, implementation, and adoption of electronic medical records and other digital health tools. More than 17,000 physicians are enrolled in OntarioMD's program. The tool developed by OntarioMD is called Insight4Care (i4C). i4C is graphic-based and presents EMR data in the form of charts such as bar charts and pie charts. Such systems that represent important data and reports in the form of graphics are called dashboards (we discuss dashboards and other presentation tools in Section 12.6). These charts provide physicians with real-time visual depiction of primary care indicators. In other words, the i4C dashboards provide physicians with real-time access to EMR data at the level of population. To do so, the data are aggregated and analyzed, and the outcome is presented in the form of recognized provincial indicators. Each indicator represents a different preventative care and disease management focus point, such as the number of smokers, the number of patients who take opioids, the number of diabetics, and those who are overdue for cancer screening follow-up. Physicians can drill down to patient-level data for each indicator for various reasons like taking follow-up care actions and taking proactive steps to improve patient care. OntarioMD is aware of the importance of measuring what matters as well as the fact that not everything that can be measured matters. As such only indicators that can lead to improvement are included on the dashboard. If an indicator is found to not be useful for change, it is removed from the system. A great deal of attention is also paid to developing indicators that provide physicians with valid, useful, and actionable indicators. As of August 2019, 30 primary-care indicators have been developed and included on the dashboard. Another 70 will also be added in the near future. As an example, using i4C dashboard, physicians are able to find those patients who are due or late for cancer screening, those who use more than 50 morphine equivalents per day, or those patients who have been on some drugs for a long period of time and are signalling risk of addiction. Drawing on this information, clinicians can handle complex patient problems, take proactive steps to reduce risk, and develop plans to change behaviours. In 2018, an assessment of the i4C dashboard was conducted. It was found that the use of the system can bring about significant improvements in only 90 days. For instance, the recording of patients with diabetes increased by 4.3 percent. Patients with up-to- date colorectal cancer and breast cancer screening increased by 2.9 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively. Due to its great potential and impact, i4C received the Canadian Health Informatics Award for Project Implementation Team of the Year.

Questions 1. Describe the descriptive analytics applications of Insight4Care (i4C). 2. Describe a possible predictive analytics application of Insight- 4Care (i4C). 3. Describe a possible prescriptive analytics application for Insight- 4Care (i4C).