Pipelines account for more than 20 percent of the intercity ton-miles but less than 5 percent of the revenue paid by shippers to transportation companies. What factors account for this contrast? Is this situation likely to change? Why or why not?

. Water carriers played a dominant role in the transportation system of the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries. Why has their relative position declined during the 20th century? Are they still an important component of the total transportation system? Why or why not?

What are the basic types of 3PL firms? How do they facilitate the planning and execution of freight transportation?

If you were given the task of outsourcing your companys transportation operations, what types of capabilities would you seek in a 3PL service provider?