Planning is one of the fundamentals of modern life. We all practice it to a greater or lesser extent. In our personal lives we plan holidays, careers, the acquisition of assets (e.g. cars, consumer goods, houses);sometimes we do detailed planning with budgets, on other occasions we do it fairly informally, simply 'work things out in our heads'.But however we do it, planning, essentially, is the 'organisation of a series of actions to achieve a specified outcome'.

41 Why is a caesarean section recommended for the delivery of HIV-positive women?

42 Why is HIV not transmitted when delivering a baby through caesarean section?

43 1. Is HIV transmitted from mother to child during breastfeeding? 2. Is it possible to be infected with HIV through the ingestion of food and drinks contaminated with the virus?

44 Is it true that some patients are resistant to HIV infection despite repeated exposure to the virus?

45 With regard to live vaccination and HIV, can MMR be given to an HIV-positive baby?

46 In a patient with meningitis: can the development of digital gangrene of the thumbs and sudden dyspnoea with a respiratory rate of 40/min, with intercostal, subcostal and suprasternal withdrawal, be attributed to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

47 1. What are the causes of anaemia in HIV infection? 2. What are the measures necessary to prevent the transfusion of HIV-infected blood to an individual (please explain in light of the window period)?

48 What is the recommended treatment for pulmonary anthrax?

49 What primary or specific tests should be performed before giving a patient primaquine for the treatment of relapsing malaria?

50 How sensitive is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for confirming the diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis? And is herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) usually tested for as well?

51 Herpes simplex is usually not associated with chronic infections such as tuberculosis or typhoid fever. Why is this?

52 In my country, now that we know that the pin in the percussion reflex hammer bottom and the pinwheel can transmit infections such as hepatitis B from patient to patient, we prefer the use of wooden or dispersible metal pins. Do the authors agree?

53 Can scorpion bite be complicated by ischaemic stroke? If so, how does this occur?