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3. Marginal Rates of Substitution: Calculate the marginal rate of substitution for an arbitrary commodity bundle of the form (x, y) > > (0, 0) (that is, where x > 0 and y > 0) for each of the following utility functions. (a) Quasi-Linear Preferences Example 1: U (x, y) = x + vy. (b) Quasi-Linear Preferences Example 2: U (x, y) = x + In(y). (c) Stone-Geary Preferences: U (x,y) = (x -x0) (y - yo) 1-a where to > 0, yo > 0, and a E (0, 1) are fixed parameters. (d) Constant-Elasticity-of-Substitution (CES) Preferences: U(x, y) = (ax + ByP) , where to > 0, yo > 0, and a E (0, 1) are fixed parameters