Please answer all the questions
In France, the tax on dividends and capital gains is 20%, the corporate tax rate is 32% and the individual tax on interest payments is 50%. Considering personal and corporate taxes does debt has tax advantage in France? Assuming that aside from tax there are no other advantages or disadvantage of debt, what is the optimal leverage ratio for companies in France? Suppose the new government plans to increase the tax on dividends from 20% to 30%? Should the amount of leverage used by French companies increase or decrease? What is the optimal leverage ratio under new tax regime? As firm increases risk of the projects, the debt holders charge higher interest rates. But this implies even a greater incentive to take on more risk, so in some instances creditors may ration credit (do not lend) altogether. Suppose that Unique Corporation can take one of two mutually exclusive projects (A or B), each costing $200 mil. Project A gives $270 million next As firm increases risk of the projects, the debt holders charge higher interest rates. But this implies even a greater incentive to take on more risk, so in some instances creditors may ration credit (do not lend) altogether. Suppose that Unique Corporation can take one of two mutually exclusive projects (A or B), each costing $200 mil. Project A gives $270 million next year with probability 0.8, or $100 million next year with probability of 0.2. Project B gives $310 million next year with probability 0.2 or $100 million next year with probability 0.8. Suppose that the probability of success of either project A or project B is uncorrelated with the market, so that the appropriate discount rate is the risk-free rate, which is 5%. Unique Corporation is trying to finance the project with zero coupon debt that will be due next year. If the firm has enough cash to finance the project, which project should it take? Suppose now that Unique Corp does not have any cash and needs to raise money through debt to finance the project. Suppose also that bondholders believe that the firm will take project A and apply a risk-free rate to their loan. What face value of debt, F, should the firm promise to bondholders in order for them give today Given the promised face value that you found in b) which project (A or B) will shareholders prefer and why? Suppose now that bondholders believe that the firm will take project A, but apply a 15% rate to their loan. What face value of debt, F, should the firm promise to bondholders in order for them give today $200 million to finance the project? Given the promised face value that you found in d) which project (A or B) will shareholders prefer and why? What is the value of debt (use a 15% rate) to bondholders given the choice of the project in e)? Should they lend $200 million
