please answer all the questionss.,.within 30 minutes. make sure the explanation and reasons are explained in very detailed manner. else leave it for other tutor otherwise i will give negative ratings and will also report your answer for unprofessionalism. Make sure the answer is 100% correct and IS NOT COPIED FROM ANYWHERE ELSE YOUR ANSWER WILL DOWNVOTED AND REPORTED STRAIGHTAWAY. USE YOUR OWN LANGUAGE WHILST WRITING.

ATTEMPT THE QUESTION ONLY IF YOU ARE 100% CORRECT AND SURE. ELSE LEAVE IT FOR ANOTHER TUTOR. BUT PLEASE DONT PUT WRONG ANSWER ELSE I WILL REPORT.

MAKE SURE THE ANSWER IS WELL EXPLAINED AND DETAILED.

Case 5 SIMMONS LABORATORIES adapted by William Starbuck from a case written by Alex Bavelas Brandon Newbridge was sitting alone in the conference room they shook hands. "Doctor Goh said I might find you in. We of the laboratory. The rest of the group had gone. One of the were talking about your work, and I'm very much interested support staff members had stopped and talked for a while in what you are doing." Brandon waved to a chair. about her husband's coming enrolment in graduate school. Zapf didn't seem to belong in any of the standard catego- Brandon, now alone in the laboratory, slid a little further ries of visitors: customer, visiting firefighter, shareholder. down in his chair, looking with satisfaction at the results of Brandon pointed to the sheets on the table. "These are the the first test run of the new photon unit. preliminary results of a test we're running. We have a new He liked to stay after the others had gone. His appointment gadget by the tail and we're trying to understand it. It's not as project head was still new enough to give him a deep sense finished, but I can show you the section we're testing." of pleasure. His eyes were on the graphs before him, but in his He stood up. but Zapf was deep in the graphs. After a mind, he could hear Dr. William Goh, the project head, saying moment, he looked up with an odd grin. "These look like again, "There's one thing about this place you can bank on. The plots of a Jennings surface. I've been playing around with sky is the limit for anyone who can produce!" Newbridge felt some autocorrelation functions of surfaces-you know that again the tingle of happiness and embarrassment. Well, dam- stuff." Brandon, who had no idea what he was referring to, mit, he said to himself. he had produced. He wasn't kidding any- grinned back and nodded, and immediately felt uncomfort- body. He had come to the Simmons Laboratories two years ago. able. "Let me show you the monster," he said, and led the During a routine testing of some rejected Clanson components, way to the workroom. he had stumbled on the idea of the photon correlator, and the After Zapf left, Newbridge slowly put the graphs away, rest just happened. Goh had been enthusiastic: A separate proj- feeling vaguely annoyed. Then, as if he had made a deci- ect had been set up for further research and development of the sion, he quickly locked up and took the long way out so device, and he had been given the job of running it. The whole that he would pass Goh's office. But the office was locked. sequence of events still seemed a little miraculous to Newbridge. Newbridge wondered whether Goh and Zapf had left He shrugged out of the reverie and was bent determinedly together. over the sheets when he heard someone come into the room The next morning, Newbridge dropped into Goh's office, behind him. He looked up expectantly; Goh often stayed late mentioned that he had talked with Zapf, and asked who he was. himself and now and then dropped in for a chat. This always "Sit down for a minute." Goh said. "I want to talk to you made the day's end especially pleasant for Brandon. But it about him. What do you think of him?" Newbridge replied wasn't Goh. The man who had come in was a stranger. He truthfully that he thought Zapf was very bright and probably was tall and thin. He wore steel-rimmed glasses and had very competent. Goh looked pleased. a very wide leather belt with a large brass buckle. Lucy, a "We're taking him on." he said. "He's had a very good member of Brandon's team, remarked later that it was the background in a number of laboratories, and he seems to have kind of belt the Pilgrims must have worn. ideas about the problems we're tackling here." Newbridge The stranger smiled and introduced himself. "I'm Lester nodded in agreement, instantly wishing that Zapf would not Zapf. Are you Brandon Newbridge?" Brandon said yes, and be placed with him."I don't know yet where he will finally land," Goh con- Driving home, Newbridge felt more optimistic about tinued, "but he seems interested in what you are doing. I Zapf's presence in the lab. He had never fully understood thought he might spend a little time with you by way of get- the analysis that Link was attempting. If there was anything ting started." Newbridge nodded thoughtfully. "If his interest wrong with Link's approach, Zapf would probably spot it. in your work continues, you can add him to your group." "And if I'm any judge," he murmured, "he won't be espe- "Well, he seemed to have some good ideas even without cially diplomatic about it." knowing exactly what we are doing." Newbridge answered. He described Zapf to his wife, who was amused by the "I hope he stays; we'd be glad to have him." broad leather belt and brass buckle. Newbridge walked back to the lab with mixed feelings. "It's the kind of belt that Pilgrims must have worn," she He told himself that Zapf would be good for the group. He laughed. was no dunce; he'd produce. Newbridge thought again of "I'm not worried about how he holds his pants up." he Goh's promise when he had promoted him: "The sky is the laughed with her. "I'm afraid that he's the kind that just has limit here for anyone who can produce!" The words seemed to make like a genius twice each day. And that can be pretty to carry the overtones of a threat now. rough on the group." That day Zapf didn't appear until mid-afternoon. He Newbridge had been asleep for several hours when he was explained that he had had a long lunch with Goh, discuss- jerked awake by the telephone. He realized it had rung sev- ing his place in the lab. "Yes." said Newbridge, "I talked eral times. He swung off the bed, muttering about damn fools with Dr. Gob this morning about it, and we both thought you and telephones. It was Zapf. Without any excuses, apparently might work with us for a while." oblivious of the time, he plunged into an excited recital of Zapf smiled in the same knowing way that he had smiled how Link's patterning problem could be solved. when he mentioned the Jennings surfaces. "I'd like to." he Newbridge covered the mouthpiece to answer his wife's said. stage-whispered "Who is it?" Newbridge introduced Zapf to the other members of the "It's the genius," replied Newbridge. lab. Zapf and Link, the group's mathematician, hit it off well Zapf, completely ignoring the fact that it was 2 a.m., and spent the rest of the afternoon discussing a method for went on in a very excited way to explain a completely new analyzing patterns that Link had been worrying over the last approach to certain of the photon lab problems that he had month. stumbled on while analyzing past experiments. Newbridge It was 6:30 when Newbridge finally left the lab that managed to put some enthusiasm in his own voice and stood night. He had waited almost eagerly for the end of the day to there, half-dazed and very uncomfortable, listening to Zapf come-when they would all be gone and he could sit in the talk endlessly about what he had discovered. It was probably quiet rooms, relax, and think it over. "Think what over?" he not only a new approach but also an analysis that showed asked himself. He didn't know. Shortly after 5 p.m., they had the inherent weakness of the previous experiment and how almost all gone except Zapf, and what followed was almost a experimentation along that line would certainly have been duel. Newbridge was annoyed that he was being cheated out inconclusive. The following day, Newbridge spent the entire of his quiet period and finally, resentfully, determined that morning with Zapf and Link, the mathematician, the custom- Zapf should leave first. try morning meeting of Brandon's group having been called Zapf was sitting at the conference table reading, and off so that Zapf's work of the previous night could be gone Newbridge was sitting at his desk in the little glass-enclosed over intensively. Zapf was very anxious that this be done, cubby he used during the day when he needed to not be and Newbridge was not too unhappy to call the meeting off disturbed. Zapf had gotten the last year's progress reports for reasons of his own. out and was studying them carefully. The time dragged. For the next several days, Zapf sat in the back office that Newbridge doodled on a pad, the tension growing inside had been turned over to him and did nothing but read the him. What the hell did Zapf think he was going to find in progress reports of the work that had been done in the last the reports? six months. Newbridge caught himself feeling apprehensive Newbridge finally gave up and they left the lab together. about the reaction that Zapf might have to some of his work. Zapf took several of the reports with him to study in the eve- He was a little surprised at his own feelings. He had always ning. Newbridge asked him if he thought the reports gave a been proud-although he had put on a convincingly modest clear picture of the lab's activities, face of the way in which new ground in the study of pho- "They're excellent," Zapf answered with obvious sincer- ton-measuring devices had been broken in his group. Now ity. "They're not only good reports; what they report is damn he wasn't sure, and it seemed to him that Zapf might easily good, too!" Newbridge was surprised at the relief he felt and show that the line of research they had been following was grew almost jovial as he said good night. unsound or even unimaginative.The next morning (as was the custom) the members of the it difficult for a listener to dissent, he proceeded to com- lab, including the secretaries, sat around a conference table. ment on the American emphasis on team ideas. satirically Brandon always prided himself on the fact that the work of describing the ways in which they led to a "high level of the lab was guided and evaluated by the group as a whole, mediocrity." and he was fond of repeating that it was not a waste of time During this time. Newbridge observed that Link stared to include secretaries in such meetings. Often, what started studiously at the floor, and he was very conscious of Georgia out as a boring recital of fundamental assumptions to a naive Thurlow and Bob Davenport's glances toward him at several listener, uncovered new ways of regarding these assumptions points of Zapf's little speech. Inwardly. Newbridge couldn't that would not have occurred to the researcher who had long help feeling that this was one point at least in which Zapf was ago accepted them as a necessary basis for their work. off on the wrong foot. The whole lab, following Goh's lead. These group meetings also served Brandon in another talked if not practised the theory of small research teams as sense. He admitted to himself that he would have felt far less the basic organization for effective research. Zapf insisted secure if he had had to direct the work out of his own mind, that the problem could be approached and that he would like so to speak. With the group meeting as the principle of lead- to study it for a while himself. crship, it was always possible to justify the exploration of Newbridge ended the morning session by remarking that blind alleys because of the general educative effect on the the meetings would continue and that the very fact that a team. Zapf was there; Lucy and Martha were there; Link was supposedly insoluble experimental problem was now going sitting next to Zapf, their conversation concerning Link's to get another chance was an indication of the value of such mathematical study apparently continuing from yesterday. meetings. Zapf immediately remarked that he was not at The other members, Bob Davenport, Georgia Thurlow, and all averse to meetings to inform the group about the prog- Arthur Oliver, were waiting quietly. ress of its members. The point he wanted to make was that Newbridge, for reasons that he didn't quite understand, creative advances were seldom accomplished in such meet- proposed for discussion this morning a problem that all of ings. that they were made by an individual "living with" a them had spent a great deal of time on previously with the problem closely and continuously, in a rather personal rela- conclusion that a solution was impossible, that there was no tionship to it. feasible way of treating it in an experimental fashion. When Newbridge went on to say to Zapf that he was very glad Newbridge proposed the problem, Davenport remarked that that Zapf had raised these points and that he was sure the there was hardly any use going over it again, that he was sat- group would profit by re-examining the basis on which isfied that there was no way of approaching the problem with they had been operating. Newbridge agreed that individual the equipment and the physical capacities of the lab. effort was probably the basis for making major advances. This statement had the effect of a shot of adrenaline on He considered the group meetings useful primarily because Zapf. He said he would like to know what the problem was in they kept the group together and they helped the weaker detail and, walking to the blackboard, began setting down the members of the group keep up with the ones who were "factors" as various members of the group began discussing able to advance more easily and quickly in the analysis of the problem and simultaneously listing the reasons why it problems. had been abandoned. It was clear as days went by and meetings continued that Very early in the description of the problem it was evident Zapf came to enjoy them because of the pattern that the that Zapf was going to disagree about the impossibility of meetings assumed. It became typical for Zapf to hold forth. attacking it. The group realized this, and finally the descrip and it was unquestionably clear that he was more brilliant, tive materials and their recounting of the reasoning that had better prepared on the various subjects that were germane to led to its abandonment dwindled away. Zapf began his state- the problem being studied, and more capable of going ahead ment, which, as it proceeded, sounded as if it might well have than anyone there. Newbridge grew increasingly disturbed as been prepared the previous night, although Newbridge knew he realized that his leadership of the group had been, in fact. this was impossible. He couldn't help being impressed with taken over. the organized and logical way that Zapf was presenting ideas Whenever the subject of Zapf was mentioned in occa- that must have occurred to him only a few minutes before. sional meetings with Goh, Newbridge would comment only Zapf had some things to say, however, which left on the ability and obvious capacity for work that Zapf had. Newbridge with a mixture of annoyance, irritation, and at Somehow he never felt that he could mention his own dis- the same time, a rather smug feeling of superiority over comforts, not only because they revealed a weakness on his Zapf in at least one area. Zapf held the opinion that the part but also because it was quite clear that Goh himself was way that the problem had been analyzed was very typical considerably impressed with Zapf's work and with the con- of group thinking. With an air of sophistication that made tacts he had outside the photon laboratory.Newbridge now began to feel that perhaps the intel- meeting, even though he was not on the administrative lectual advantages that Zapf had brought to the group did level of those invited. not quite compensate for what he felt were evidences of Newbridge found an opportunity to speak to Goh and a breakdown in the cooperative spirit he had seen in the raised the question. He told Goh that, with the meetings group before Zapf's coming. More and more of the morn- coming up and with the interest in the work and Zapf's ing meetings were skipped. Zapf's opinion concerning contributions to it, Zapf would probably like to come to the abilities of others of the group, except for Link, was the meetings; but there was a question of how the others obviously low. At times during morning meetings or in in the group would feel if only Zapf were invited. Goh smaller discussions he had been on the point of rudeness. passed this over very lightly by saying that he didn't think refusing to pursue an argument when he claimed it was the group would fail to understand Zapf's rather differ- based on another person's ignorance of the facts involved. ent position and that Zapf certainly should be invited. His impatience with others led him to also make similar Newbridge immediately agreed: Zapf should present the remarks to Goh. Newbridge inferred this from a conversa- work because much of it was work he had done, and this tion with Goh in which Goh asked whether Davenport and would be a nice way to recognize Zapf's contributions and Oliver were going to be continued on; and his failure to to reward him, because he was eager to be recognized as mention Link. the mathematician, led Newbridge to feel a productive member of the lab. Goh agreed, and so the that this was the result of private conversations between matter was decided. Zapf and Goh. Zapf's presentation was very successful and in some It was not difficult for Newbridge to make a quite con- ways dominated the meeting. He attracted the interest and vincing case about whether the brilliance of Zapf was suffi- attention of many of those who had come, and a long dis- cient recompense for initiating this unravelling of the group. cussion followed his presentation. Later in the evening- He spoke privately with Davenport and Oliver, and it was with the entire laboratory staff present-in the cocktail quite clear that both of them were uncomfortable because period before the dinner, a little circle of people formed of Zapf. Newbridge didn't press the discussion beyond the about Zapf. One of them was Goh himself, and a lively dis- point of hearing them say that they did feel awkward, and cussion took place concerning the application of Zapf's the- that it was sometimes difficult to understand the arguments ory. All of this disturbed Newbridge, and his reaction and Zapf advanced, but often embarrassing to ask him to fill in behaviour were characteristic. He joined the circle, praised the basis for his arguments. Newbridge did not interview Zapf to Goh and to others, and remarked on the brilliance Link in this manner. of the work. About six months after Zapf's arrival in the photon lab, a Without consulting anyone, Newbridge began to con- meeting was scheduled in which the sponsors of the research sider what job opportunities existed elsewhere. After a few would get some idea of the work and its progress. It was weeks he decided to apply for a position at a new laboratory customary at these meetings for project heads to present the of considerable size that was being organized in a nearby research being conducted in their groups. The members of city. Citing Newbridge's training and experience, the new lab each group were invited to other meetings that were held invited him for a lengthy interview and, soon after, offered later in the day and open to all, but the special meetings were him a project-leader job similar to his current position and usually made up only of project heads. the head of the labor- with slightly higher salary. ratory, and the sponsors. Newbridge immediately accepted the offer and notified Goh As the time for the special meeting approached, it by letter, which he mailed on a Friday night to Goh's home. seemed to Newbridge that he must avoid the presentation The letter was quite brief, and Goh was stunned. The letter at all costs. He could not trust himself to present the ideas merely said that he had found a better position: that he didn't and work that Zapf had advanced because of his appre- want to appear at the lab anymore for personal reasons: that he hension about whether he could present them in sufficient would be glad to come back at a later time to assist if there was detail and answer such questions about them as might be any mix-up in the past work; that he felt sure Zapf could supply asked. On the other hand, he did not feel he could ignore any leadership that the group required; and that his decision to these newer lines of work and present only the material leave so suddenly was based on personal problems-he hinted that he had done or that had been started before Zapf's at problems of health in his family, specifically his mother and arrival. He felt also that it would not be beyond Zapf at father. All of this was fictitious, of course. Goh took it at face all, in his blunt and undiplomatic way-if he were at the value but still felt that this was very strange behaviour and meeting, that is-to comment on Newbridge's presenta- quite unaccountable. for he had always felt his relationship tion and reveal his inadequacy. It also seemed quite clear with Newbridge had been warm and that Newbridge was satis- that it would not be easy to keep Zapf from attending the fied and, in fact, quite happy and productive.Goh was considerably disturbed. because he had already decided to place Zapf in charge of another project that was going to be set up very soon. He had been wondering how to explain this to Newbridge, in View of the obvious help Newhridge was getting from Zapf and the high regard in which he held him. Goh had. indeed, considered re possibil ity that Newbridge could add to his staff another person with the kind of background and training that had been unique in Zapf and had proved so valuable. Goh did not make any attempt to meet Newbridge. In a way, he felt aggrieved about the whole ring. Zapt'1 too, was surprised at the suddenness of Newhridge's departure. When Goh asked Zapf whether he preferred to stay with the photon group instead of the new project for the Air Force, he chose the Air Force project and went on to that job the following week. The photon lab was hard hit. The leadership of the lab was given to Link with the understanding that this wouId be temporary until someone could come in to take over