PLEASE ANSWER IF YOU ARE 100% SURE

Andy "Nard Dog" Bernard graduated from Cornell in May of 2018 with a BA in Women's Studies. As a graduation gift, Nard Dog's father, a widower, gave him an old Toyota Prius because, according to the father, "the Ferarri is more your brother's style and the old Prius reminds me of you." The Prius was originally purchased 8 years ago for $33,000 and today it is worth $16,000.

1. How much of the gift is subject to federal gift taxes?

2. If Andy's father sold the Prius for $16,000 and then gave Andy the proceeds from the sale, how much of the gift would be subject to federal gift taxes?

3. If Andy's father sold the Prius for $16,000 and then gave the proceeds from the sale to Cornell to pay for Andy's graduate school tuition, how much of the gift would be subject to federal gift taxes?

4. If any gift taxes are owed as a result of the gift who would be responsible for paying those gift taxes?

5. Cite a section of the Internal Revenue Code that could be used to reduce the amount of the gift that is subject to gift taxation based solely upon the facts stated above. ( 2 digit code number? 4 digit number? Letter? )