Please answer these multiple choice problems. Thank you!

23. Sl: Population growth can either positively or negatively affect the levels of living in a nation. S2: Vast increases in birth rate is a health and nutrition issue in developing countries. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 24. Sl: The spread of COVID -19 is directly related to population density. S2: Morbidity rates are not the concern in developed countries. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 25. Sl: A pandemic knows no issue of race, religion, language or even wealth. S2. Response to pandemic is economic and political but not socio cultural. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 26. Sl: Demographic transition is a social, economic, cultural but not necessarily a scientific phenomenon. S2: Per capita income is synonymous to disposable income. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 27. Sl: To be in Malthusian Population Trap means that the population growth rate stays way above the growth rate of total income and vice versa. S2: All available technologies to control population are scientifically proven via experiments by all countries. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 28. Sl: A high fertility rate reduces the per capita income, be it the Gross National Income per Capita or the Gross Domestic Product per capita. S2: The natural environment can bring about increase or decrease in population growth rate. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 29. Sl: Rapid population growth does not necessarily reflect market failure. S2: Urbanization and localized economies lead to resource immobility. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 30. Sl: The most relevant advantage of locating a firm in an Industrial District is knowledge spillover. S2: The K -12 Program added years to basic education but Philippines student learning still lags behind many of East Asian countries. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 31. Sl: Investment in human capital is beneficial in the short run but investment in physical capital is beneficial in the long run. S2: Centralized urbanization leads to underdeveloped peripheral economies. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 32. Sl: Improving hard infrastructures rather than soft infrastructures is absolutely a better choice in urbanization. S2: Migration is an effect of wage distortions but not necessarily a cause. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 33. Sl: In the development efforts of the Philippines, hard infrastructures can be done by privately owned firm as long as these firms are 100% Filipino owned. S2: Migration is a product of push factors from both the country of origin and the country of destination. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 34. Sl: The age structure in a country does not necessarily reflect its burden of dependency. S2: In the Philippines, men live longer than women generally. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 35. Sl: Healthcare, sanitation, education and independence of women are considered parts of the demographic transition of a nation. S2: The demand for children equation posits that the demand for surviving children is directly related to the net price of children but is indirectly related to the taste for goods relative to children. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 36. Sl: Fertility rate is measured from a woman's perspective and so does the mortality rate. S2: For the Chinese, the One-child policy is purely a disincentive to having children. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 37. Sl: For the Philippines, net international migration is the difference between the number of Filipinos immigrating to other countries and the number of Filipinos migrating back to the country. S2: Urban and rural areas are completely opposed in terms of available amenities from the local governments and available services from the national government. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 38. Sl: For urbanization to be economically sound, there must be efficient urban scaling. S2: Urbanization generally rules out the use of labor- intensive technology. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 39. Sl: In every place, rural or urban, there are formal and informal sectors. S2: Philippine history reflects that Quezon City enjoyed the first city bias so does Baguio City. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 40. Sl: Urban bias does not affect all the milieus of a nation's life. S2: Urban giantism is a natural phenomenon that cannot be prevented or controlled. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 41. Sl: When quality of education is not a direct impact of urbanization, then good quality education outside urban centers plays a crucial role in rural development. S2: Higher increases of wages in urban centers assure an increase in the laborerS efficiency in these urban centers. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 42. Sl: Human resource planning is required to reduce job mismatch, underemployment, unemployment and all other economic problems. S2: Decentralization of development requires policy changes, devolution of government functions and redistribution of revenue. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 43. Sl: Correcting factor price distortions is a function of the government. S2: Harris-Todaro Migration Model related the demand and supply of workers specifically in the manufacturing sector. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 44. Sl: Migration decision of Filipinos is always an economic decision. S2: When wage differential is negligible, rural to urban migration will not be much of a problem. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 45. Sl: When a company serves slum areas, it will surely have difficulty in achieving its economic and financial bottom-line of profit. S2: Rural-urban migration, as an economic issue, is basically about income and employment. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 46. Sl: In the Philippines, there is no concrete policy on rural-urban migration. S2: The location choices of big labor- intensive companies will have bearing on migration between rural and urban areas. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 47. Sl: Labor turnover is faster in urban companies than in rural companies. S2: The presence of shanty towns relates to a nation's GINI coefficient. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 48. Sl: Perfect inequality in distribution of income can be exhibited in reality. S2: Holding all other incomes constant, if we transfer some income from a richer person to a poorer person, the resulting new income distribution is more unequal. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 49. Sl: There is absolute poverty below the international poverty line. S2: Modern sector enlargement assures a better Lorenz Curve for a nation. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 50. Sl: The average poverty gap measures the sum of the differences of the income of each person from the absolute poverty line. S2: The multidimensional poverty index gives equal weight to all eight indicators. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 51. Sl: The normalized income shortfall is a measure of income inequality. S2: When the government's intervention to poverty and income inequality are thoroughly planned, implemented and monitored, a nation is secured in achieving economic development. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 52. Sl: The GINI Coefficient relates the Lorenz Curve and the line of perfect quality of percentage of income and percentage of population. S2: Development process in the Philippines that is biased towards the urban areas is always justifiable from the perspective of Development Economics. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 53. Sl: Up to this time, poverty is experienced more by women rather than men at the national and international level. S2: Free education is a means of reducing poverty among ethnic communities. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 54. Sl: Terrorism, regardless of its place of occurrence, exacerbates poverty. S2: Public policy is essential in solving poverty at the local and national level. * O A. True, True 23. Sl: Population growth can either positively or negatively affect the levels of living in a nation. S2: Vast increases in birth rate is a health and nutrition issue in developing countries. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 24. Sl: The spread of COVID -19 is directly related to population density. S2: Morbidity rates are not the concern in developed countries. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 25. Sl: A pandemic knows no issue of race, religion, language or even wealth. S2. Response to pandemic is economic and political but not socio cultural. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 26. Sl: Demographic transition is a social, economic, cultural but not necessarily a scientific phenomenon. S2: Per capita income is synonymous to disposable income. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 27. Sl: To be in Malthusian Population Trap means that the population growth rate stays way above the growth rate of total income and vice versa. S2: All available technologies to control population are scientifically proven via experiments by all countries. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 28. Sl: A high fertility rate reduces the per capita income, be it the Gross National Income per Capita or the Gross Domestic Product per capita. S2: The natural environment can bring about increase or decrease in population growth rate. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 29. Sl: Rapid population growth does not necessarily reflect market failure. S2: Urbanization and localized economies lead to resource immobility. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 30. Sl: The most relevant advantage of locating a firm in an Industrial District is knowledge spillover. S2: The K -12 Program added years to basic education but Philippines student learning still lags behind many of East Asian countries. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 31. Sl: Investment in human capital is beneficial in the short run but investment in physical capital is beneficial in the long run. S2: Centralized urbanization leads to underdeveloped peripheral economies. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 32. Sl: Improving hard infrastructures rather than soft infrastructures is absolutely a better choice in urbanization. S2: Migration is an effect of wage distortions but not necessarily a cause. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 33. Sl: In the development efforts of the Philippines, hard infrastructures can be done by privately owned firm as long as these firms are 100% Filipino owned. S2: Migration is a product of push factors from both the country of origin and the country of destination. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 34. Sl: The age structure in a country does not necessarily reflect its burden of dependency. S2: In the Philippines, men live longer than women generally. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 35. Sl: Healthcare, sanitation, education and independence of women are considered parts of the demographic transition of a nation. S2: The demand for children equation posits that the demand for surviving children is directly related to the net price of children but is indirectly related to the taste for goods relative to children. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 36. Sl: Fertility rate is measured from a woman's perspective and so does the mortality rate. S2: For the Chinese, the One-child policy is purely a disincentive to having children. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 37. Sl: For the Philippines, net international migration is the difference between the number of Filipinos immigrating to other countries and the number of Filipinos migrating back to the country. S2: Urban and rural areas are completely opposed in terms of available amenities from the local governments and available services from the national government. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 38. Sl: For urbanization to be economically sound, there must be efficient urban scaling. S2: Urbanization generally rules out the use of labor- intensive technology. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 39. Sl: In every place, rural or urban, there are formal and informal sectors. S2: Philippine history reflects that Quezon City enjoyed the first city bias so does Baguio City. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 40. Sl: Urban bias does not affect all the milieus of a nation's life. S2: Urban giantism is a natural phenomenon that cannot be prevented or controlled. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 41. Sl: When quality of education is not a direct impact of urbanization, then good quality education outside urban centers plays a crucial role in rural development. S2: Higher increases of wages in urban centers assure an increase in the laborerS efficiency in these urban centers. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 42. Sl: Human resource planning is required to reduce job mismatch, underemployment, unemployment and all other economic problems. S2: Decentralization of development requires policy changes, devolution of government functions and redistribution of revenue. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 43. Sl: Correcting factor price distortions is a function of the government. S2: Harris-Todaro Migration Model related the demand and supply of workers specifically in the manufacturing sector. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 44. Sl: Migration decision of Filipinos is always an economic decision. S2: When wage differential is negligible, rural to urban migration will not be much of a problem. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 45. Sl: When a company serves slum areas, it will surely have difficulty in achieving its economic and financial bottom-line of profit. S2: Rural-urban migration, as an economic issue, is basically about income and employment. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 46. Sl: In the Philippines, there is no concrete policy on rural-urban migration. S2: The location choices of big labor- intensive companies will have bearing on migration between rural and urban areas. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 47. Sl: Labor turnover is faster in urban companies than in rural companies. S2: The presence of shanty towns relates to a nation's GINI coefficient. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 48. Sl: Perfect inequality in distribution of income can be exhibited in reality. S2: Holding all other incomes constant, if we transfer some income from a richer person to a poorer person, the resulting new income distribution is more unequal. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 49. Sl: There is absolute poverty below the international poverty line. S2: Modern sector enlargement assures a better Lorenz Curve for a nation. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 50. Sl: The average poverty gap measures the sum of the differences of the income of each person from the absolute poverty line. S2: The multidimensional poverty index gives equal weight to all eight indicators. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 51. Sl: The normalized income shortfall is a measure of income inequality. S2: When the government's intervention to poverty and income inequality are thoroughly planned, implemented and monitored, a nation is secured in achieving economic development. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 52. Sl: The GINI Coefficient relates the Lorenz Curve and the line of perfect quality of percentage of income and percentage of population. S2: Development process in the Philippines that is biased towards the urban areas is always justifiable from the perspective of Development Economics. O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 53. Sl: Up to this time, poverty is experienced more by women rather than men at the national and international level. S2: Free education is a means of reducing poverty among ethnic communities. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 54. Sl: Terrorism, regardless of its place of occurrence, exacerbates poverty. S2: Public policy is essential in solving poverty at the local and national level. * O A. True, True national level. * O A. True, True C) 8. True, False O C, False, True C) D. False, False 55. Sl: Solving poverty has to be done from macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. S2: The Kuznets Curve is a graphical presentation of the relationship of the Gini coefficient and GNI per capita. O O O A. True, True 8. True, False C. False, True D. False, False