Please answer with explanation

1. In April 2000, the United States had a labor force of 141,230,000, employment of 135,706,000, and there were 67,986,000 people not in the labor force (all numbers rounded to the nearest 1000). a) Calculate the unemployment rate b) Calculate the participation rate c) Calculate the employment ratio 2. The city of Hope has a labor force of 1000. Twenty people lose their jobs each month and remain unemployed for exactly one month before nding jobs. On January 1, May 1, and September 1 of each year 50 people lose their jobs for a period of four months before nding new jobs. What is the unemployment rate in any given month? How many unemployment spells are there in a year? What is the average duration of an unemployment spell? On any given date, how many people are undergoing short spells, and how many are undergoing long spells? so P'E\