Please assist with the following two prompts and provide any references used.

1. In order to compute the the measure of association, I would use the ratio to divide the cases for yes and controls by the cases of no and controls. There are 2 yes cases and three yes controls, and there are three no cases and 2 no controls. Given that the odds ratio is 1, we may conclude that the chances of developing big toe cancer in persons with a shoe size greater than 9 are less likely.With the low prevalence consequential to rare diseases, patient data are scarce and scattered.1 If I were to look into a rare cancer in Lynchburg, Virginia, I would start by looking through the state's disease registry or a cancer research centre.Legality is the equivalent that you have authorisation from the relevant authority to use the data, whilst ethics is the equivalent of not disclosing personal information related to the data set. involvement in quality assurance and epidemiological research usually involves using patients' data without their consent. In return for this loss of autonomy and potential risk (of disclosing information that might harm), patients should expect quality assurance activities to be ethically sound, healthcare resources to be committed to quality assurance, and benefits to justify any risks and burdens.

2. There is no positive association between shoe size and big toe cancer, and therefore, having a shoe size greater than 9 is not a risk factor for big toe cancer. If there was a positive association, we would see an odds ratio greater than 1. An odds ratio greater than 1 would indicate that the number of cases that had a shoe size greater than 9 was more than the number of controls that had a shoe size greater than 9, and therefore an odds ratio of greater than 1 would suggest that a shoe size greater than 9 is a risk factor for big toe cancer.

1. I would look in the Virginia Cancer Registry for data specific to a rare type of cancer in Lynchburg. It is accessible through the Virginia Department of Health website. If there is a lack of data on the specific rare cancer type within the city of Lynchburg, the registry is also able to pull data from counties throughout the state.¹ In addition, the Fundamental Learning Collaborative for the Cancer Surveillance Community (FLccSC) is a newer collaborative database that the state of Virginia takes part in to compare reported cancer data across states.¹ This would be useful if data on the rare cancer type is not plentiful, or if the research we are performing needs a variety of cases for data. Another option for more data would be the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) Program, which puts reported cancer data into a population perspective.
2. According to the Virginia Department of Health's Virginia Cancer Registry website, personal information about patients as well as their providers are not released freely.¹ Legally and ethically, personal medical information is not able to be released for public consumption. Instead, specific to the Virginia Cancer Registry, such information can only be released at the discretion of the Virginia Commissioner of Health.¹ Even if it is released, the researcher utilizing the information must adhere to strict guidelines and not release or reproduce the information for public use.¹ Several laws in the Code of Virginia² and the Regulations for Disease Reporting and Control³ outline the specific restrictions placed on patient and provider medical information, and to legally and ethically use the data on the Virginia Cancer Registry, thorough understanding and adherence to these laws is required.