Please describe a future lesson in which students will be given some control over the pace and content of their education, are all students held to the same high standards?

scenario: Welcome back to the module on providing culturally responsive instruction for Native American students recall that this module covers the what and why of culturally responsive instruction understanding culture and Native American diversity foundations for a culturally responsive practice where to start some initial guidelines for instruction going further more guidelines pedagogical implications by subject area and action steps towards developing a culturally responsive practice this video focuses on where to start some initial guidelines at the beginning of implementing culturally responsive instruction for Native American students, we suggest a number of guidelines that you may want to integrate into your teaching practices these are based on foundations we've discussed in the prior section these guidelines are for instructional strategies, instructional activities norms of social interactions, teacher attitudes instructional materials curriculum and community and parent involvement this video covers instructional strategies and activities norms of social interactions and teacher aattitudes.

Starting with General Instructional Strategies we first think about strategies that incorporate traditional native ways of teaching and learning these include giving students choice and what and how they learn by incorporating modeling and demonstration and using storytelling parable allegory and examples, giving students choice and what and how they learn is based on a number of issues that were discussed in the prior section for example, traditional native beliefs an individual agency and autonomy and epistemologies to emphasize personal responsibility the importance of student choice also stems from the values that many Native American tribes place on allowing individuals to experience and control their own journeys without interference the sixth sense even to one's children. Demonstration and modeling is another approach that may be particularly valuable for Native American students especially given its roots in traditional Native and teaching for example instead of providing students with the list of reading comprehension strategies demonstrating using one way to think aloud that shows your thinking and engagement with the text and give students an opportunity to practice the strategy so that students can better understand what successful learning looks like it is important to provide opportunities for students to observe more advance practice in the classroom this approach has greater success with native students than relying heavily on lectures or alternately on trial and error. Also marrying common traditional Native American educational practices consider how you can incorporate storytelling parable allegory as an example in your instruction. These techniques provide another way for students to build their understanding and position learning was in a larger context the use of these techniques also allows listeners to see relationships and come to their own conclusions supporting the beliefs that each person can have a different perspective it is important to note that students from traditional Native communities may come to school with strong oratory and storytelling skills and with strengths and systems thinking and knowledge of a natural world these strengths help students both learn from and actively participate in instructional strategies involving storytelling parable and allegory as well as examples next we'll

Instructional Activities look at the nature of instructional activities that might be important for Native American students learning we recommend that you provide an authentic context for classroom work and assignments and connect these academic activities to real purposes valued by students epistemologies that focus on community and rootedness in place also suggests the value of community based assignments and projects similarly the value placed on community and responsibility to others suggests the importance of fostering active hands-on learning that involves engagement with students teachers and the environment in engaging in such instructional activities it's also important to be sensitive to local norms of social interaction connecting academic activities to real purposes valued by students is critical for student engagement and supporting students ongoing interest in staying in school by involving students in real projects they can actively see the utility and value in their learning in a study by Radha Yamato and Patrick of students in an urban school district they found that many Native students did not connect finishing high school with employability that is they did not perceive that a high school diploma would help them get a job this research demonstrates the importance of students seeing school as personally relevant and beneficial in addition to helping students see the utility of their learning place-based local projects and assignments appeals to a number of elements of shared native-american epistemologies such as a focus on community locating learning was in the big picture making connections and seeing interrelationships between learning in the natural world service-oriented projects in the local community also strongly built on values connecting to students a sense of responsibility to their community and one can imagine projects and assignments that target issues related to the responsible use of power in such projects can also provide a bridge between schools and Native American communities material should include local places and community as an important context for study this supports students' engagement and understanding place-based learning materials can be multidisciplinary and emphasize experiential and intergenerational engagement place-based materials are an excellent way to link content to values culture and community similarly involving students actively in authentic hands-on activities actively engaged with peers teachers and their environments can also help combat a significant reason that students drop out of school in studies by Dale and by brand Navajo students gave boredom as a major reason for dropping out the primary pedagogical practice these students encountered in school was reading textbooks and answering questions at the end of chapters which Navajo students found especially ineffective instead explicitly connect learning to students' everyday lives and the world outside of school this may involve loosening disciplinary boundaries next we'll consider norms of

Social Interactions social interactions during instruction in your classroom, it is helpful to be cautious about spotlighting students be aware of cultural norms around public displays of affection understand other local norms of interaction, and consider using a demanding but warm style we suggest to be cautious about spotlighting students because this goes against norms of traditional native teaching and learning as such try not to single out students for public praise or punishment additionally profuse or bubbly praise is not considered supportive of good character by many Native peoples and public punishment or criticism can be considered demeaning yet students may appreciate private words of praise or feedback and that's a Divis is an issue with the questioning strategy of initiate response and evaluate or Ayari this is when a teacher initiates the question with her class as a student publicly respond and then evaluates the response as right or wrong in front of everyone all this approach is often considered problematic for all students for a variety of reasons for Native American students, it has the added problem of publicly evaluating them in front of their peers if they are correct they may be made uncomfortable because a peer may not also know the correct answer and may be overshadowed if they are wrong and their error is announced to their peers which may be considered a type of shaming it is important to be aware of cultural norms around public displays of affection as these are culturally specific often native cultures reserved displays of affection to more private settings in the classroom spend time in the local community and take cues from community members to determine what's right for your students there are also some common misunderstandings that non-native teachers may have about Native students at home, children may be taught to pay attention and show respect by not making eye contact and being quiet this behavior can be misinterpreted as a lack of interest and engagement students also may not publicly display knowledge in a group setting in case a peer doesn't have the same knowledge as this could lead to his or her embarrassment and while humor is important non-native people may use types of humor such as sarcasm which could result in native students feeling laughed at instead of laughed with overall teachers cultivating good relationships with students and their families is a prerequisite for student engagement and learning in this effort teachers can employ a demanding but warm style this demonstrates both high expectations and caring which are essential for student learning we also underscore the importance of teacher attitudes toward students teachers values attitudes and ideologies toward students in Native communities and cultures has been shown to be vital for Native students success in school in interviews of Native youth who dropped out of school beyond being bored over half stated that their teachers did not care about them here are a few qualities that the literature shows are important for teachers of Native students to have caring warm approachable supportive flexible showing respect for students and expecting excellence now for some exit questions describe an upcoming lesson where you can incorporate student choice and how or what they learn with the choice are all students being held to the same high expectations, what is one way that you can incorporate a place-based approach in your upcoming instruction think about your attitudes towards and interactions with your native students how well do these exemplifies the qualities discussed in this module where might you need to improve we are grateful to the following individuals for their contributions to these modules.