please describe each term briefly, needs to be easy to understand. It will be a study guide for American gov undergrad class.

Chapter 14 - The Bureaucracy

1. Bureaucrats
2. Bureaucratic structure
3. Patronage system
4. Plum book
5. Political appointees
6. Civil servants
7. Senior Executive Service
8. Merit-based civil servants
9. Representative bureaucracy
10. Senior Executive Service (SES)
11. Unionized civil servants
12. The evolution of the federal bureaucracy
13. Cabinet departments
14. Independent administrative agencies
15. Independent regulatory commissions
16. Government corporations
17. The Executive Office of the President (EOP)
18. The six stages of the policy process
19. Politics-administration dichotomy
20. Authorization law
21. Appropriation law
22. Administrative discretion
23. Administrative rulemaking
24. Administrative adjudication
25. Bureaucratic accountability
26. Sunset clause
27. Whistleblower
28. Sunshine laws
29. Inspectors general Chapter 16 - Economic Policy
30. Tax base
31. Economy
32. Economic policy
33. Pure capitalist economy
34. Regulated capitalist economy
35. Gross domestic product
36. Inflation
37. Consumer price index
38. Human development index
39. Poverty
40. Poverty rate
41. Household income
42. Median household income
43. Laissez-faire economics
44. Keynesian economics
45. Recession
46. Depression
47. Fiscal policy
48. Monetary policy
49. Deregulation
50. Monetarism
51. Fiscal year
52. Progressive tax
53. Regressive tax
54. Discretionary spending
55. Mandatory spending
56. Proportional tax
57. Budget reconciliation
58. Concurrent budget resolution
59. General Accountability Office
60. Budget surplus vs. budget deficit
61. National debt
62. Business vs. social regulation
63. The Federal Reserve System