Please discuss the sources of pollution during the construction operations, and give three (3) examples of sources of pollution.

What is the role of both the Contractor and Contract Administrator to limit any detrimental effects upon the environment?Please discuss.

Please review the documents below:

STANDARD CONTRACT DOCUMENTS SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MUNICIPAL CONSTRUCTION 2013 EDITION PROJECTS London CANADA material, reflectivity, etc.) as detailed on drawing SR-19 to 19.4, inclusive are attached in Appendix 1 to the Special Provisions. 13. Trench Width and Trench Condition Where it applies the Contractor shall include in his contract unit prices, the provision of a trench liner, of the appropriate dimensions and/or such other methods as might be necessary to comply with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 14. Maintenance of Flows 1. Maintain storm-water runoff during construction and prepare flow control and maintenance plan as part of the construction work plan. 2. Maintain sewage flows at all times during construction and provide details of flow control including pumping, contingency plans etc. as part of the construction work plan. 3. Maintain watermain flow at all times to meet City and Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) standards. 15. Provisional Items 1. A Provisional Item is one which may or may not be included as part of the contract. The Contract Administrator will decide as to whether this item will form part of the contract as the work progresses. Payment for Provisional Items will only be made for work authorized by the Contract Administrator. 2. Payment for the work performed under a Provisional Item will include all costs to the Contractor incurred in performing the stipulated work including the Contractor's profit and overhead. Payment for a Provisional Item will be by unit price bid in the Form of Tender for work described. 16. Environmental Protection General 1. The Contractor shall conduct his operations so as to limit any detrimental effects upon the environment. He shall maintain control of the operations at all times in order to avoid the occurrence of machinery oil spills, excessive sediment-laden runoff from the work site or damage to any environmentally sensitive system 2. Should the Contract Administrator determine that the Contractor is not maintaining appropriate control of his operations and excessive damage or detrimental effects are occurring or are imminent, the Contract Administrator can stop all work until such time as steps are taken to rectify the conditions. City of London | 2013 Edition SP-7STANDARD CONTRACT DOCUMENTS SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MUNICIPAL CONSTRUCTION 2013 EDITION PROJECTS London CANADA Refuelling Areas 1. Review in detail the proposed route of construction to plan access route and fuelling areas. 2. Do not fuel equipment within 30 metres of any watercourses unless non-spill facilities are used. Spills 1. Submit procedures for interception, rapid cleanup and disposal of spillages that may occur, for Contract Administrator's review, prior to commencing work. 2. Be prepared at all times to intercept, cleanup and dispose of any spillage that may occur whether on land and water. 3. Keep materials required for cleanup of spillages readily accessible. 4. Report immediately any spill causing damage to environment to the office of the MOE in London, Ontario and the Spills Action Centre. 5. The Contractor to provide training to all employees involved with the work regarding spill control and shall inform all employees of reporting requirements. Use of Pesticides 1. Coordinate the use of herbicides and pesticides with The Regional Pesticides Control Officer of Ministry of Environmental in London. Sensitive Areas 1. Inform the Contract Administrator in writing of particular schedule for work in or near environmentally sensitive areas. 2. Avoid encroachments into natural areas outside of the working area as shown on the contract drawings. 3. Do not disturb wildlife habitats. 4. Protect wetland sites used as feeding or breeding areas by migratory fowls or as habitats for other animals. 5. Schedule construction in environmentally sensitive areas so that there will be minimal interference with water uses including fish migration or spawning, or incubation period of eggs. 6. Removal of vegetation shall only occur within the working area shown on the contract drawings. 7. Contain and deposit on land all aquatic plants uprooted or cut prior to or during construction. City of London | 2013 Edition SP-8STANDARD CONTRACT DOCUMENTS SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MUNICIPAL CONSTRUCTION 2013 EDITION PROJECTS London CANADA Disposal 1. Do not empty fuel, lubricants or pesticides into sewers or watercourses. 2. Dispose all construction debris in an approved location. 3. Do not bury rubbish and water materials on site unless approved by Contract Administrator. Drainage and Water Control 1. Provide temporary drainage and pumping as necessary to keep excavations and site free from water. 2. Do not pump water containing suspended materials into waterways, sewers, or drainage systems. 3. Control disposal or runoff of water containing suspended materials or other harmful substances in accordance with governing authority requirements. 4. Provide erosion and sediment control as shown on the contract drawings, where required or as directed by the Contract Administrator. 5. Control flow rates to ensure minimum solids transportation 6. Provide straw bales, filter berms or sand bags as required to retard and filter run-off prior to discharge, to storm sewers or watercourses. 7. Do not direct any flow of water across or over pavements, except through approved pipes or properly constructed troughs. 8. Dispose of water so as not to be injurious to public health or safety, property, or any part of work completed or under construction. Site Clearing and Tree/Plant Protection 1. Protect trees and plants on site and adjacent properties as directed under the Contract Administrator. 2. Undertake all site clearing and plant protection activities in accordance with the contract drawings. 3. Protect the roots of designated trees to the tree drip line during excavation and site grading to prevent disturbance or damage as directed by the Contract Administrator. Avoid unnecessary traffic, dumping, and storage of materials over root zones. Minimize stripping of topsoil and vegetation. 4. Restrict tree removal to areas indicated or designated by Contract Administrator. No trees shall be unnecessarily removed. City of London | 2013 Edition SP-9STANDARD CONTRACT DOCUMENTS SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MUNICIPAL CONSTRUCTION 2013 EDITION PROJECTS London CANADA 5. Contact the Contract Administrator and governing authorities 24 hours in advance of tree removal for review and confirmation. Pollution Control 1. Maintain all temporary erosion and sediment control devices installed for the installed for the duration of the contract and until sufficient vegetative growth has occurred. Remove erosion and sediment control devices only with the approval of Contract Administrator. 2. Control emissions from vehicles and equipment to the requirements of local authorities. 3. Cover or wet down dry materials and rubbish to prevent blowing dust and debris. Provide dust control for haul roads as required. 4. No chemical dust control products shall be used adjacent to private properties, agricultural areas, streams, wetlands or watercourses. Fires 1. Fires and buming of rubbish on site are not permitted. 2. Fire extinguishers should be present on site and in working condition to put out fires. Sediment and Erosion Control Measures 1. Supply, install and maintain sediment and erosion control as specified or directed by the Contract Administrator. Noise Control 1. Establish and maintain site procedures such that noise level from construction areas is minimized. Construction activities are permitted to take place between 7 am and 7 pm, Monday to Friday, on a regular basis. Work outside of these hours must first be approved by the Contract Administrator a minimum of 48 hours in advance. 2. Control noise level in accordance with local by-laws and comply with noise emissions standards for construction equipment as contained in the publications NPC-115 and NPC-118 of the MOE Model Municipal Noise Control By-Law Final Report, August 1978 or latest revision. 3. Use vehicles/equipment equipped with efficient muffling devices. Provide and use devices to minimize noise level in construction area. 4. Operation of equipment shall comply with the City of London's Noise by-laws. City of London | 2013 Edition SP-10