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Please do c d and e, thank you! 4. Fission of 254Cf The isotope 254Cf decays almost exclusively by spontaneous fission (SF), namely with a
Please do c d and e, thank you!
4. Fission of 254Cf The isotope 254Cf decays almost exclusively by spontaneous fission (SF), namely with a branching bSF=(99.690.02)%. It has a half-life of T1/2=(60.50.2) days. On average, =3.80.1 neutrons are emitted per fission, and an average energy release of ESF=(2255)MeV per fission has been determined. (a) How many fission neutrons per second are emitted per g of 254Cf ? (b) The dose equivalent (DE) of absorbed radiation can schematically be defined as DE=QFMabsorberATErad,[DE]=1Sievert=1Sv=1J/kg Here, A is the activity of the radiation source, T the time of impact, Erad the (average) energy of the radiation, and Mabsorber the mass of the absorbing object. For a person standing d=1m away from the 1g254Cf sample, estimate the dose equivalent per hour, assuming that 90% of the neutrons reaching the person are absorbed and using an average neutron energy of Eneutron=2MeV. Use a quality factor QF=10 for neutrons of that energy. Is it dangerous to stand next to the source? (c) Calculate the (initial) fission power produced by 1.0g of 254Cf. (d) Assuming Californium (Cf) to behave like an ordinary metal, what would be the (theoretical) rise in temperature of the Cf sample per minute from the fission heating (here: neglect heat exchange with the environment)? (e) Estimate the amount of cooling water needed to limit the temparature increase derived in (d) to T=1K. Comment - eventually with respect to the Fukushima-situation? Hint: Do not forget the propagation of uncertainties and/or motivate your estimates or assumptions in case you neglect thatStep by Step Solution
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