Please do problem 18 first if possible do 6 as well

P6. This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmis- sion delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected'by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by e meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B. a. Express the propagation delay, dprop: in terms of m and s. b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, drans in terms of L and R c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end- to-end delay drans where is the last bit of the packet? bit of the packet? the packet? d. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t 0. At time - e. Suppose dprop is greater than drans. At time r dranss where is the first f. Suppose dprop is less than dirans. At time r -dimns, where is the first bit of 56 kbps. Find the distance g. Suppose s 2.5.108 L equals d 120 bits, and R m so that d P18. Perform a Traceroute between source and destination on the same continent at three different hours of the day a. Find the average and standard deviation of the round-trip delays at each of b. Find the number of routers in the path at each of the three hours. Did the c. Try to identify the number of ISP networks that the Traceroute packets the three hours. paths change during any of the hours? pass through from source to destination. Routers with similar names and/ or similar IP addresses should be considered as part of the same ISP. In your experiments, do the largest delays occur at the peering interfaces between adjacent ISPs? d. Repeat the above for a source and destination on different continents. Compare the intra-continent and inter-continent results