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1. (1 point) Please draw a figure to demonstrate a communication network and identify all components. 2. (1 point) In order to communicate between two parties, we need a "path" between devices. People started from hang a wire, dedicated path, between each pair of devices. For example, if you talk to 10 of your relatives, 200 of your classmates (from daycare to collage), and 20 friends. You need to pay for 230 lines. The dedicated path betwee transmitter and receiver is extremely expansive and not scalable. A more scalable and cheaper way to connect the world is using shared lines and intermediate devices (switches, routers, etc). Switched communication network are those in which data transferred from source to destination is routed between various intermediate nodes. Switching is the technique by which nodes control or switch data to transmit between specific points on a network. Among many switching schemes, circuit and packet switching are two dominant ones. What is circuit switching? What is packet switching? Please provide a usage example for each technique. Why is packet switching preferred over circuit switching in today's communications network? 3. (1 point) Two protocol stacks have been widely applied so far. OSI 7 layer model and TCP/IP 5 layer mode. The current one that people use is TCP/IP model. Why is a layered model applied in the protocol stack? 4. (1 point) Please name the five layers of the TCP/IP model and explain the main functions of each of the layers. Are there any alternative models to the OSI model? If yes, define it. 5. (1 points) Telecommunication industry is heavily regulated. We need standards to make sure devices interconnect with devices from different vendors and using different techniques. Please provide two URLs of two standard bodies (entities who make standards). Find one standard per standard body and briefly illustrate the purpose of the standards of your choice