Please explain why item 16c) molarity of salt has to divide by 54.5 and after that, how you get 2.2M? Also, why molarity of sucrose has to be divided by 360?

16a)1ml water is equivalent to 1 gram water.

So 0.8 g NaCl mixed in 100ml water is 0.8 % NaCl solution. But here we have 150 ml water. Hence we should use 1.2gram NaCl in 150 ml water.

To make 0.8%Nacl solution with 150 ml water

100ml water-0.8 gram NaCl

150ml water:

(1500.8) 100=1.2gram NaCl

16b) similarly as above question 100 ml 5 % sucrose solution need 5 g sucrose. Here for 50 ml we need:

100ml water-5 g sucrose

50 ml water:

Amounf of sucrose =(505) 100=2.5gram sucrose

16c) for this first we need to calculate molarity and then multiply it with no of particles produced when dissolved in water to get osmolarity.

Molarity of salt solution=number of moles per liter. That is (1.254.5) 0.15=2.2M

So osmolarity of salt solution = 2.22(number of particles) =4.4

Molarity of sucrose solution =using above formula

Molarity of sucose solution =(2.5360) 0.05=0.14M

Osmolarity of sucrose solution=0.141(sucrose does not dissociate and remains as itself in the solution

Hence osmolarity of salt solution is greater than sucrose solution.