Please Fill in the blank based on the book of "Health Care Operations and Supply Chain Management: Operations, Planning, and Control"by John F. Kros, Evelyn C. Brown,

_____________________ could be characterized as an analytical technique in decision making that is used for the selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. The _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________rule, encompasses the notion that by doing 20 percent of the work you can generate 80 percent of the benefit of doing the whole job. Likewise, in terms of quality improvement, a large portion of problems (80 percent) are produced by a _____________________. At times these two groups are also referred to as the vital few and the trivial many.

Pareto analysis can be applied to many health care operations and _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ areas. For example:

_____________________or waiting by patients arise from 20 percent of the possible causes of the delays.

Eighty percent of customer complaints arise from 20 percent of the health care services you provide.

_____________________ of your health care services account for 80 percent of your profit.

Twenty percent of your customers make up 80 percent of your hospital's medical procedures.

Twenty percent of a system's defects cause 80 percent of its problems.

__________________ is credited with the creation of the box-and-whisker plot in the mid-1970s. The box-and-whisker plot is many times referred to as a box plot, boxplot, or five-number summary.

An_____________________ and their lawyers have turned to decision structures such as decision trees and influence diagrams to help them make better decisions in litigation management and settlement. The results have been lower transaction costs and better outcomes.

Litigators first identify the factual and legal uncertainties in a case_____________________ _____________________ and then proceed, through fact discovery, legal research, and the use of experts, to cope with these uncertainties. Driving this costly process is the assumption that it will culminate in a trial, at which time a judge and jury will resolve the legal and factual issues.

The reality, though, is that more than 90 percent of all cases end up being resolved through _____________________ rather than _____________________).

Decision trees can be enormously helpful in allocating resources before trial. They can effectively demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of forgoing the additional research or discovery, thereby saving the client time and money.

_____________________ are faced with difficult problems and decisions each day. Many times the health care field offers multiple good alternatives with multiple associated outcomes or payoffs. In addition, those alternatives most likely are uncertain (i.e., the outcome has some probability of success or failure associated with it).

The importance of _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ painting the full picture of data sets by using both measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion must also be developed. Managers do this by linking _____________________ _____________________ with a mental and graphical picture of real-life data sets.

Health care managers must ask themselves an important question: _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ Health care professionals make decisions all the time, and this book is not here to tell someone exactly how or what is the best way to make decisions. It would be folly to attempt to do this in one class or volume.

Take a moment and ask yourself the following question about decision making: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________?"

As a health care professional, you must develop your own decision-making process or rational methodology for solving problems. All of us understand that individuals make decisions all the time: we choose to come to class, to read the text, when and where to eat lunch, when to wake up, and when to go to bed.

The techniques individuals use to make these _____________________obviously play an important role in everyday life. Decisions made regarding situations in medical staffing, vaccination choice, or even choice of college and career, for example, may also deal with a tremendous amount of uncertainty.

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________ can be defined as events that may occur in the future. As health care professionals, we rarely have control over the states associated with a decision- making problem. In fact, the decision maker is generally uncertain about which state of nature will occur.

A good example of uncertain states of nature is the addition of medical equipment. The addition of the medical equipment will provide better services but as a health care professional you are uncertain about demand for the new machine. On one hand, demand for the equipment could be high and the equipment purchase will pay off. On the other hand, demand could be low for the equipment and in turn the equipment will not be fully utilized and purchase will not __________________________________________.

_____________________ _____________________ are the second component in a decision analysis problem. At times decisions are also referred to as alternatives. As stated earlier, the decision maker has ultimate control over the decision made or the alternative chosen.

For example, the decisions a health care decision maker could make regarding the medical equipment could be: purchase the equipment or do not _______________________________________________________________. These decisions must be made regardless of whether the demand for the equipment materializes in the future

The third component of a decision analysis problem is _____________________ s. An outcome is defined as the combination of a state and a decision. For our medical equipment example, we can choose to purchase the equipment or not __________________________________________, coupled with demand for the equipment being either high or low. In this example, there really exist four possible outcomes.

_____________________ _____________________ contains two types of _____________________, decision nodes and chance nodes, as well as branches, defined as follows:

A decision node, represented by a square, denotes when a decision maker must make a choice or a decision.

A __________________________________________, represented by a circle, denotes an event or state of nature that can occur in the future.

A branch, defined by a line, represents and links decision alternatives and/or states of nature.

_____________________ _____________________ lectured in Berlin from _____________________ _____________________ and in Hamburg from 1929 to 1930. In 1930 he became a visiting lecturer at Princeton University, and was appointed a professor there in 1931. He became one of the original six _____________________ _____________________ professors in 1933 at the newly founded Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, a position he kept for the remainder of his life.

von Neumann's brilliant work in mathematics also carried him into _____________________ _____________________ economics and technology as well as theoretical physicsareas where he was able to make vital contributions not only to science but also to the welfare of his adopted country. His work in quantum mechanics gave him a profound knowledge concerning the application of nuclear energy to _____________________ _____________________ and peacetime uses, enabling him to occupy an important place in the scientific councils of the nation.