Please give me some responses to other individual's(at least 2 people) posts which should conclude these important grading aspects:

o Expand on their ideas

o Discuss the differences between your thoughts and theirs

o Explain why you agree or disagree

The topic is:

Abstraction and Virtualization:

Discuss as accurately and as thoroughly as possible: What do abstraction and virtualization have in common? How are they different? Give an example of each. What do traps and interrupts have in common? How are they different? Give an example of each.

This is my answer:

Do abstractions and virtualization have in common:

They have in common in many ways: Abstraction is representing the characteristics and properties of that particular operating system with respect to the other operating system. By using abstraction we can encode or convert into bits when they use any operation. Coming to virtualization has the common point like encoding the data or code like abstraction which is related to abstraction and converting into the bits. With virtualization what happens is the hardware no longer exists for the operating system. At some level it does, on the host system, but the host system creates an abstraction of the hardware level allowing an os to run on the software rather than the hardware.

Do traps and interrupts have common:

Traps like interrupts are hardware events but traps are synchronous whereas interrupts are asynchronous. I.e. traps are caused by the executing program rather than a device external to the CPU. A trap also known as software interrupt is an training that clearly generates an exemption condition. The majority general use of a lock-in is to enter supervisor mode.

Traps and interrupts:

The accuracy of an event is signaled by an interrupt from hardware or software. Hardware interrupts can be trigger by transfer an indication to CPU. Software interrupts can be trigger by executing special operation called system call. An operating system is interrupt driven. For example, an incident like a key compress on the keyboard by the client, or an inner hardware device timeout can raise this type of interrupt and can notify the CPU that a confident device desires some attention. In a condition like that the CPU will stop anything, it was responsibility provide the service essential by the tool and will get back to the standard program

The execution of an instruction that intended for user programs and transfers control to the operating system. Trap causes branch to OS code and a switch to kernel mode. Kernel mode a trap handler is executed to service the request. For example, in 8086 equipment, a programmer can use theist training to begin a trap. Since a trap is always unqualified the manage will always be transfer to the subroutine connected with the trap. The exact order, which invokes the custom for treatment the trap is easily recognized because an precise training is used to identify a trap

Here is his answer:

Abstraction means representing data using structures that make more sense to the users. It imposes separation between the abstract properties of a data type and the concrete details of its physical occurrence. Abstraction and virtualization are connected to each other, because virtualization includes abstracting of the computers hardware into a few execution environments. It lets the operating systems to function as applications within other operating systems. On laptops and desktops, it allows users to install operating systems that are used for exploration, or to run applications that are written for operating systems other than the native host. An example of virtualization is sandboxing, which in this case helps to build secure and isolated computing environments (sandboxes), in order to run less secure and less trusted application. Another example is cloud computing, where a system is used to abstract services into a cloud, so users can access it from different remote locations if needed.

Interrupts are used to transfer program control to a certain address. It is a signal sent from a program (or device) that needs the operating system to stop working and figure out what is the next step. Interrupt can be the reason for switch into kernel mode when using processors with a privileged mode of execution. Traps and interrupts are similar to each other, because a trap is actually a software-generated interrupt, but the difference between the two is that the interrupt is triggered by a signal to the processor. Also, traps are synchronous with the instruction stream, while the interrupts are asynchronous. Traps can be used to detect arithmetic errors.

Here is another one's answer:

To my understanding, virtualization is the process of creating virtual versions, or abstractions of computer hardware or other resources in different execution environments. They are similar because they both refer to this same process, but are different because virtualization is a process, and an abstraction is a result or product of the process. For example, at my IT job, some of us have virtual machines which use virtualization to provide us an abstraction of the Apple OS usable on our PCs running Windows.

Both traps and interrupts transfer control to the operating system through the interrupt vector. Interrupts usually refer to hardware interrupts, which can be caused by external hardware that need attention from the CPU. Traps, on the other hand, are "software interrupts" and are often called exceptions in programming. These happen when an illegal action is attempted, such as dividing by zero. Here, giving control to the operating system allows it to both prevent the action and log the details of it.

Please reply to their answers in these aspects and discuss below, all of the 3 aspects count points.