PLEASE HELP!
Calculate the frequency of the following partial profiles for the African American ethnic group USB the values listed in the chart (Forensic Science Little Helper). There is an example frequency calculation done for you under Forensic Science Little Helper. Upload your answers here. Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 D8 11.16 9.13 15,17 24,28 33,35 D21 30,31 D7 9.12 8.10 12.14 If the frequency of the allele in the table is 0 or there is no numerical value, this means it has not been observed or seen in the sampled population. To account for this being a rare allele, you will use the formula 5/2N where N is the number of samples in the population. For example if the population has 200 individuals it will be 5/(2*200) or 0.0125. You will then put 0.0125 in as the value for p or a depending on the example. You will need to note how many people are in the database example I gave you. Use the examples I did for you to help with this assignment Here you wikend to : 1) mentality activity (Calendang sepatutun matchers). We wel be meat to do ware Wht math, and utmerrte 2) one other standa streho it, we wishi or two long to tutto betting Westion will be gone POPULATION FREQUENCY ACTIVITY Fuse the form of heroes, xoxo) met row will take your wederpart from the Chair these welcome the bene. Note Thement of the year for the Core with the theoretice EXAME Find they offer a perforated and to the charter whes within the theme from west from where on the the 0.00241914 hart therefore, (0.0040.101470.000 EXAMPLE Find the worlura Campus for 2 to the flow the answer w with you www www Man Demand when - 0221-0.101 EXAMPLE Find the combined try trece for a Caucasian displaying letrary for alle anl 10, herrity for DINI, and and inity for DN20, le 10 1) is what we hach0010, 0.0021000000 sonder to fost awer to the partis 0.0021. find and turns out to be 0.002), The Best 0.16 10.0021) (0.002) (0.16 0.000000 The more Sesondere per chi, the more the best.com more on one compared to be that the interno we will the world by die de random matching better than will at The more the sentenced CHART CAUCASIAN SPANIC ASIAN ONS NEGROID IN E o ype here to search The more STR profiles one performs, the more data one has about a person's genetic characteristics, and the more individualistic the test bec more people from inclusion based on objectively gathered and computed data. Finally, the numbers arrived at can become so small that they persons will have a particular STR profile. As stated in the website you visited (dnas), the typical profile generated by using 13 different STRS random match probabilities tend to range between 10 to the negative sixteenth or seventeenth magnitude. In plain speech, this means one ir billions) people will have that particular STR profile. That's more than the estimated number of people who have ever livedll) CHART DSS1179 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N 196) (N-210) (N=203) (N=209) 9 0.0024 10 0.0056 0.0250 0.0119 0.0102 0.1020 0.0025 0.0936 11 0.1214 0.0361 0,0587 0.0616 12 0.2905 0.2222 0.1454 0.3071 0.2222 0.1207 0.3251 0.3393 14 0.2000 0.3333 0.2015 0.2463 15 0.0548 0.2139 0.1097 0.1158 16 0.0048 0.0444 0.0128 0.0246 17 0.0048 0.0083 0.0026 0.0074 D21511 ASTAN NEGROID GAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N=196) (N=180) N-196) (N=203) 24 25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0:0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 26 search O $ Sunt cugin-un.. NC Edit Your Plan - SPC... Advisors by Campu... SIC Academic Calendar... SIC Crime Scene Techn... B Bank 16 0.0048 0.0414 0.0128 0.0246 17 0.0048 0.0083 0.0026 0.0074 D21S11 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N-196) (N=180) N=196) (N203) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0102 0.0969 0.2474 0.2015 0.1071 0.0408 0.0051 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 0.0615 0.2151 0.1899 0.1188 0.0922 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0459 0.1658 0.1811 0.2321 0.0714 0.0153 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0099 0.0690 0.2044 0.3300 0.0690 0.0123 0.0000 0.0000 D75820 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N. 196) (N=180) (N=196) (N-203) 6 0.0000 8 0.0000 0.0071 0.1738 0.1571 0.3364 223 0.0102 0.1684 0.0816 0.2168 0 31 3R 0.0025 0.0172 0.1626 0.1478 0.2906 100 0.0024 0.0215 0.981 0.0478 0.3062 9 10 Alleles LAUCASIAN HISPANIC (N=196) (N-180) N=196) (N 203) 24 25 26 27 28 29 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0102 0.0969 0.2474 0.2015 0.1071 0.0408 0.0051 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 0.0615 0.2151 0.1899 0.1188 0.0922 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0159 0.1658 0.1811 0.2321 0.0714 0.0153 0.0000 0.0000 30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0099 0.0690 0.2044 0.3300 0.0690 0.0123 0.0000 0.0000 31 32 33 34 D75820 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles KN 196) (N-180) (N-196) (N-203) 6 7 8 10 0.0000 0.0102 0.1684 0.0816 0.2168 0.3138 0.1760 0.0255 0.0077 0.0000 0.0071 0.1738 0.1571 0.3364 0.2238 0.0905 0.0190 0.0048 0.0025 0.0172 0.1626 0.1478 0.2906 0.2020 0.1404 0.0296 0.0074 0.0024 0.0215 0.981 0.0428 0.3062 0.2895 0.1914 0.0383 0.0048 11 12 13 14 Tables adapted from Budowle et al, 2001 Journal of Forensic Science, 46(3):453-489 OTHER LINKED SITES How's what you may wory went were ther's day take very easte proxe se fosseted Chess you, Oman Home A R.GR Dit between dingues et program and the protest demande (will continew window) Backlit te vouwen the constand by the 13 cat short terwetter an willen weten we dan ook eens where wil www . Amelyet med det, men new window) olunur. Sonradan Aytetem edin ( www Plecasted es einem le.com DNA more both more than The DNA MODULE (Part III) Read carefully you may be tested on any material found here. Wwwerd alto rent and of the watched for a whiwa mach down forstanding what we were res is one there are some echo con tantaneet of Owls portant conforte collection and often This timely noted for forma de linge but to come are for the valymon mother and body of that have decided *** made shorts tov degradation, the rests will be patur mes die weten waren POR PCR con la tardes formalment and does not work or disables TU POR PCR Revolutionized DNA analysis. It provides for the amplification of small amounts of DNA for analysis, and does so in very late time hours, we weeks or days). This technique des even one root, or the dred saliva on a drinking straw to yield genetic information about an individual. In terms of comparison with RLP, 10-100 times les material is needed for Cena know that their DNA can be used against them, and they often try to keep getic material from entering a crime scene archiwe being left behind. However, it's hard to keep track of the small its exploited by PORI The process of PCR amplius, or copes, small amounts of DNA to make larger amounts of DNA, and this process takes place in an automated machine called a thermoxycker. The thermoeder can't replace lost section of DNA or otherwise create what was not there to begin with, or con distinguish between the actual target sample and erroneously introduced contamination. If contammation is present in the target sample, that contamination will be replicated right along with the target. This, in turn will most kly produce inconclusive results. An innocent person will NOT be implicated for a crime he didn't commit, but otherwise good evidence can be compromoved and become inadmissible Remember: DNA fragile, and in cases where it is likely that PCR is going to be performed on a sample, i * of the most importance that contamination of the sample be prevented Small amounts of DNA become large amounts of DNA. Small amount of contamination become one wants of contamination. Wear your PPE's and observe all my protocols when handing vidence that has the potential of containing carrying DNA STR analysis is the latest trend in human identification. The great thing about STRs (ther trength if you will) that they're short bok 28 nucleotides long. Recall that DNA degrades in successively shorter fragments with me. STR analysis looks for these short fragments anyway, se degradation likely to be a problem. DNA has to get seriously degraded before most of its length becomes a series of preces shorter than the average STR probe The Fat unes 13 standardized STR (phase marker, which not really an STR) for entry into the CODIS database. CODIS is to forensic and offender evidence what the AFIS systems to fingerprints a means of matching op evidence to person. There are two databases in cools the offender and forens databases The offender database contains the DNA profiles collected from convicted sexual offenders and these convicted of violent ormes. These offenders have been found guilty in the courts of violent Crimes against persons, and their DNA ha subsequently been collected for entry into the database. The "Forensic database contain evidence recovered from crime scenes, such as DNA from drinking or cigarette butts, shed or forcibly remove hours, skin cells found beneath a sexual homicide victim's fingers, etc The numbers generated by STR lys can be among the frequencies of occurence for each STR within a population are multiplied together, the random match probability usually ranges between 10 to the negative sixteenth or seventeenth magnitude. In tay, it means that one person in every 10-100 quilos dion billons) will have a particular STR profile This is more than the estimated number of people who have ever lived MEDNA Most of our focus has been on the type of ONA that is found in the nucleus of cells mudar DNA There is another type which it contained in the mitochondniso turcelled this strangely enough is called mitochondrial DNA, DNA for short De DNA at the methods opomus That is really belongs to the mitochondria, and presente hulp the late our produce the proces THEY wed to do their work in making energy for the cell. DNA has a different structure than that of nudear DNA, and passed on from generation to generation in a different annet The structure of DNA resembles a ord, rather than the helical shapedia Or With this orderen calied "the D-loop and within the loop or section of mtDNA articular regions of interest to forensic investigators the perible regions. The hypervariable regions are named as they are because within those regions, a very incidence of polymorphism is observed. This enables to samples to be different versand, with the possibility that a third hypervariable region may be utable for analytical inclusion (thers are only two currently used as of now create individualization may soon be possible. The sequences within the polymorgons are compared with a standard sequence called the Anderson sconce to see how rare or common they actually. As of now, there are few.laboratones the list which have the capacity of analyzing this type of DNA and analyse/sequencing of DNA is eve and very time consuming. The Band Armed Forces Institute of Pathology each have abs that mantan databases of sequences ONA is used when nuclear DN 100 badly degraded or otherwise unable to be used. There are many, many mitochondrial cach cel, and only ce nucleus. There may be anywhere from 100 to several thousand copies of DNA single cell And DNA Co within the costs tend to test composition is that of the pub within teeth bones, etc. The mean by which DNA passed from nation to generation makes it particilarly useful for determining tantships, in this traite makes EDNA Most of our focus has been as they do that found in the rudeus of cells: die DA There is another type stich detained on the machonde of our count, strangely enough, is called matchande, for short The DNA of the mitochondria is home that is relongs to the end of the guys produce the THEY med to the working energy for the cell has a diferent structure than that of dear and door een dem The structure of Desirather than the cal shape rode within the called the top with the section MEDNA reports of tees formes or the hyperventiler The price renamed as they are bene with the very high incidence of polymorphis served. These samples to be offered were they that the holeren beste til inclusion (there are only two yes of now). rester av These the polymer Werth standard sequence called the shower comes the stores in the Wich have the craving this type DNA, and was segundo os espersed verytren The Flandres me of Pathy each helt that matca databases of some MIDNAs used when modern is to be degraded or otherwise unable to be used. There who is cache and only one news. There were from 100. to several thousands of DNA And DNA can pers within the sot that and to decot, such as the stunt the ple within teeth bones, etc. The means by which DNA from generation to gention well for familleships and those useful for the identification of seed otherwenden EDNA sa tends to mutten are and rapid basis, making it for ploge umano and population resowe doesn't changes result of genetic recombination, but can warns by mutation MEDNA also has some peculaties. Soms a person may exhibit something called "heterou the hand in this condition more than one sequence may be found in an individual. That one maya particularence, while other has a frente. They will be staly completely different, but it some slight variations between themIt is thought that he stems from the admitidos structures such as ornals, which are constantly growing Calculate the frequency of the following partial profiles for the African American ethnic group USB the values listed in the chart (Forensic Science Little Helper). There is an example frequency calculation done for you under Forensic Science Little Helper. Upload your answers here. Profile 1 Profile 2 Profile 3 D8 11.16 9.13 15,17 24,28 33,35 D21 30,31 D7 9.12 8.10 12.14 If the frequency of the allele in the table is 0 or there is no numerical value, this means it has not been observed or seen in the sampled population. To account for this being a rare allele, you will use the formula 5/2N where N is the number of samples in the population. For example if the population has 200 individuals it will be 5/(2*200) or 0.0125. You will then put 0.0125 in as the value for p or a depending on the example. You will need to note how many people are in the database example I gave you. Use the examples I did for you to help with this assignment Here you wikend to : 1) mentality activity (Calendang sepatutun matchers). We wel be meat to do ware Wht math, and utmerrte 2) one other standa streho it, we wishi or two long to tutto betting Westion will be gone POPULATION FREQUENCY ACTIVITY Fuse the form of heroes, xoxo) met row will take your wederpart from the Chair these welcome the bene. Note Thement of the year for the Core with the theoretice EXAME Find they offer a perforated and to the charter whes within the theme from west from where on the the 0.00241914 hart therefore, (0.0040.101470.000 EXAMPLE Find the worlura Campus for 2 to the flow the answer w with you www www Man Demand when - 0221-0.101 EXAMPLE Find the combined try trece for a Caucasian displaying letrary for alle anl 10, herrity for DINI, and and inity for DN20, le 10 1) is what we hach0010, 0.0021000000 sonder to fost awer to the partis 0.0021. find and turns out to be 0.002), The Best 0.16 10.0021) (0.002) (0.16 0.000000 The more Sesondere per chi, the more the best.com more on one compared to be that the interno we will the world by die de random matching better than will at The more the sentenced CHART CAUCASIAN SPANIC ASIAN ONS NEGROID IN E o ype here to search The more STR profiles one performs, the more data one has about a person's genetic characteristics, and the more individualistic the test bec more people from inclusion based on objectively gathered and computed data. Finally, the numbers arrived at can become so small that they persons will have a particular STR profile. As stated in the website you visited (dnas), the typical profile generated by using 13 different STRS random match probabilities tend to range between 10 to the negative sixteenth or seventeenth magnitude. In plain speech, this means one ir billions) people will have that particular STR profile. That's more than the estimated number of people who have ever livedll) CHART DSS1179 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N 196) (N-210) (N=203) (N=209) 9 0.0024 10 0.0056 0.0250 0.0119 0.0102 0.1020 0.0025 0.0936 11 0.1214 0.0361 0,0587 0.0616 12 0.2905 0.2222 0.1454 0.3071 0.2222 0.1207 0.3251 0.3393 14 0.2000 0.3333 0.2015 0.2463 15 0.0548 0.2139 0.1097 0.1158 16 0.0048 0.0444 0.0128 0.0246 17 0.0048 0.0083 0.0026 0.0074 D21511 ASTAN NEGROID GAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N=196) (N=180) N-196) (N=203) 24 25 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0:0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 26 search O $ Sunt cugin-un.. NC Edit Your Plan - SPC... Advisors by Campu... SIC Academic Calendar... SIC Crime Scene Techn... B Bank 16 0.0048 0.0414 0.0128 0.0246 17 0.0048 0.0083 0.0026 0.0074 D21S11 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N-196) (N=180) N=196) (N203) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0102 0.0969 0.2474 0.2015 0.1071 0.0408 0.0051 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 0.0615 0.2151 0.1899 0.1188 0.0922 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0459 0.1658 0.1811 0.2321 0.0714 0.0153 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0099 0.0690 0.2044 0.3300 0.0690 0.0123 0.0000 0.0000 D75820 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles (N. 196) (N=180) (N=196) (N-203) 6 0.0000 8 0.0000 0.0071 0.1738 0.1571 0.3364 223 0.0102 0.1684 0.0816 0.2168 0 31 3R 0.0025 0.0172 0.1626 0.1478 0.2906 100 0.0024 0.0215 0.981 0.0478 0.3062 9 10 Alleles LAUCASIAN HISPANIC (N=196) (N-180) N=196) (N 203) 24 25 26 27 28 29 0.0000 0.0000 0.0026 0.0102 0.0969 0.2474 0.2015 0.1071 0.0408 0.0051 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0028 0.0615 0.2151 0.1899 0.1188 0.0922 0.0084 0.0084 0.0084 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0159 0.1658 0.1811 0.2321 0.0714 0.0153 0.0000 0.0000 30 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0099 0.0690 0.2044 0.3300 0.0690 0.0123 0.0000 0.0000 31 32 33 34 D75820 ASIAN NEGROID CAUCASIAN HISPANIC Alleles KN 196) (N-180) (N-196) (N-203) 6 7 8 10 0.0000 0.0102 0.1684 0.0816 0.2168 0.3138 0.1760 0.0255 0.0077 0.0000 0.0071 0.1738 0.1571 0.3364 0.2238 0.0905 0.0190 0.0048 0.0025 0.0172 0.1626 0.1478 0.2906 0.2020 0.1404 0.0296 0.0074 0.0024 0.0215 0.981 0.0428 0.3062 0.2895 0.1914 0.0383 0.0048 11 12 13 14 Tables adapted from Budowle et al, 2001 Journal of Forensic Science, 46(3):453-489 OTHER LINKED SITES How's what you may wory went were ther's day take very easte proxe se fosseted Chess you, Oman Home A R.GR Dit between dingues et program and the protest demande (will continew window) Backlit te vouwen the constand by the 13 cat short terwetter an willen weten we dan ook eens where wil www . Amelyet med det, men new window) olunur. Sonradan Aytetem edin ( www Plecasted es einem le.com DNA more both more than The DNA MODULE (Part III) Read carefully you may be tested on any material found here. Wwwerd alto rent and of the watched for a whiwa mach down forstanding what we were res is one there are some echo con tantaneet of Owls portant conforte collection and often This timely noted for forma de linge but to come are for the valymon mother and body of that have decided *** made shorts tov degradation, the rests will be patur mes die weten waren POR PCR con la tardes formalment and does not work or disables TU POR PCR Revolutionized DNA analysis. It provides for the amplification of small amounts of DNA for analysis, and does so in very late time hours, we weeks or days). This technique des even one root, or the dred saliva on a drinking straw to yield genetic information about an individual. In terms of comparison with RLP, 10-100 times les material is needed for Cena know that their DNA can be used against them, and they often try to keep getic material from entering a crime scene archiwe being left behind. However, it's hard to keep track of the small its exploited by PORI The process of PCR amplius, or copes, small amounts of DNA to make larger amounts of DNA, and this process takes place in an automated machine called a thermoxycker. The thermoeder can't replace lost section of DNA or otherwise create what was not there to begin with, or con distinguish between the actual target sample and erroneously introduced contamination. If contammation is present in the target sample, that contamination will be replicated right along with the target. This, in turn will most kly produce inconclusive results. An innocent person will NOT be implicated for a crime he didn't commit, but otherwise good evidence can be compromoved and become inadmissible Remember: DNA fragile, and in cases where it is likely that PCR is going to be performed on a sample, i * of the most importance that contamination of the sample be prevented Small amounts of DNA become large amounts of DNA. Small amount of contamination become one wants of contamination. Wear your PPE's and observe all my protocols when handing vidence that has the potential of containing carrying DNA STR analysis is the latest trend in human identification. The great thing about STRs (ther trength if you will) that they're short bok 28 nucleotides long. Recall that DNA degrades in successively shorter fragments with me. STR analysis looks for these short fragments anyway, se degradation likely to be a problem. DNA has to get seriously degraded before most of its length becomes a series of preces shorter than the average STR probe The Fat unes 13 standardized STR (phase marker, which not really an STR) for entry into the CODIS database. CODIS is to forensic and offender evidence what the AFIS systems to fingerprints a means of matching op evidence to person. There are two databases in cools the offender and forens databases The offender database contains the DNA profiles collected from convicted sexual offenders and these convicted of violent ormes. These offenders have been found guilty in the courts of violent Crimes against persons, and their DNA ha subsequently been collected for entry into the database. The "Forensic database contain evidence recovered from crime scenes, such as DNA from drinking or cigarette butts, shed or forcibly remove hours, skin cells found beneath a sexual homicide victim's fingers, etc The numbers generated by STR lys can be among the frequencies of occurence for each STR within a population are multiplied together, the random match probability usually ranges between 10 to the negative sixteenth or seventeenth magnitude. In tay, it means that one person in every 10-100 quilos dion billons) will have a particular STR profile This is more than the estimated number of people who have ever lived MEDNA Most of our focus has been on the type of ONA that is found in the nucleus of cells mudar DNA There is another type which it contained in the mitochondniso turcelled this strangely enough is called mitochondrial DNA, DNA for short De DNA at the methods opomus That is really belongs to the mitochondria, and presente hulp the late our produce the proces THEY wed to do their work in making energy for the cell. DNA has a different structure than that of nudear DNA, and passed on from generation to generation in a different annet The structure of DNA resembles a ord, rather than the helical shapedia Or With this orderen calied "the D-loop and within the loop or section of mtDNA articular regions of interest to forensic investigators the perible regions. The hypervariable regions are named as they are because within those regions, a very incidence of polymorphism is observed. This enables to samples to be different versand, with the possibility that a third hypervariable region may be utable for analytical inclusion (thers are only two currently used as of now create individualization may soon be possible. The sequences within the polymorgons are compared with a standard sequence called the Anderson sconce to see how rare or common they actually. As of now, there are few.laboratones the list which have the capacity of analyzing this type of DNA and analyse/sequencing of DNA is eve and very time consuming. The Band Armed Forces Institute of Pathology each have abs that mantan databases of sequences ONA is used when nuclear DN 100 badly degraded or otherwise unable to be used. There are many, many mitochondrial cach cel, and only ce nucleus. There may be anywhere from 100 to several thousand copies of DNA single cell And DNA Co within the costs tend to test composition is that of the pub within teeth bones, etc. The mean by which DNA passed from nation to generation makes it particilarly useful for determining tantships, in this traite makes EDNA Most of our focus has been as they do that found in the rudeus of cells: die DA There is another type stich detained on the machonde of our count, strangely enough, is called matchande, for short The DNA of the mitochondria is home that is relongs to the end of the guys produce the THEY med to the working energy for the cell has a diferent structure than that of dear and door een dem The structure of Desirather than the cal shape rode within the called the top with the section MEDNA reports of tees formes or the hyperventiler The price renamed as they are bene with the very high incidence of polymorphis served. These samples to be offered were they that the holeren beste til inclusion (there are only two yes of now). rester av These the polymer Werth standard sequence called the shower comes the stores in the Wich have the craving this type DNA, and was segundo os espersed verytren The Flandres me of Pathy each helt that matca databases of some MIDNAs used when modern is to be degraded or otherwise unable to be used. There who is cache and only one news. There were from 100. to several thousands of DNA And DNA can pers within the sot that and to decot, such as the stunt the ple within teeth bones, etc. The means by which DNA from generation to gention well for familleships and those useful for the identification of seed otherwenden EDNA sa tends to mutten are and rapid basis, making it for ploge umano and population resowe doesn't changes result of genetic recombination, but can warns by mutation MEDNA also has some peculaties. Soms a person may exhibit something called "heterou the hand in this condition more than one sequence may be found in an individual. That one maya particularence, while other has a frente. They will be staly completely different, but it some slight variations between themIt is thought that he stems from the admitidos structures such as ornals, which are constantly growing
