Please help me with these. Thank you.

1.Development economics is concerned with*

efficient allocation of scarce resources.

economic, social and political institutions.

imperfect resource and commodity markets.

None of the choices

2.Development is now thought to mean*

economic growth, accompanied by dramatic change in social and political institutions, as well as in the attitudes of the people.

sustained increases in GNP per capita only.

the process by which authoritarian political structures give way to more democratic forms of government.

increases in the population growth rates to more reasonable levels.

a movement towards national food security.

3.Developing countries are commonly characterized by*

low levels of living, high levels of income inequality, and high dependency burdens.

low levels of living, low levels of income inequality, and high dependency burdens.

primary-product exports, inadequate education and vulnerability in international relations.

All of the above

4.To Amartya Sen,*

development is a meaningless concept in a world characterized by capitalist domination of the masses.

development should be thought of as rapid growth of GDP or GNP per capita.

development requires cultural changes such that the poor begin to think in "modern" ways.

development should be thought of as a process during which individuals' "capabilities to function" are enhanced.

5.Which of the following are not among Rostow's stages of growth?*

The age of mass consumption

The take-off

The drive to maturity

The traditional society

All of the above are among Rostow's stages of growth.

6.According to the Harrod-Domar model,*

economic growth depends on wise public investment decisions by the government.

the proletariat must overthrow the capitalists and establish a socialist state before economic growth can occur.

there is surplus labor in the agricultural sector that can be used to fuel economic growth.

the developing world is caught in a dependent relationship with the developed world.

7.In the Lewis model,*

surplus labor is assumed to exist in the urban areas.

capitalists are assumed to reinvest their profits, further increasing the demand for labor.

unemployment is assumed to exist in urban areas.

All of the above.

8.In the Harrod-Domar model, suppose that the national capital-output ratio is 4. If the national net savings rate increases from 8% to 12%, the economic growth rate will increase from __________ to __________.*

2%; 3%

The answer cannot be determined from the information provided.

32%; 48%

-6%; 0%

0.5%; 0.33%

9.Which of the following is not typically an element in the structural change that accompanies development?*

increase in the share of agriculture in GDP (gross domestic product)

increase in manufacturing as a share of GDP

increase in urbanization

All of the above changes accompany development

10.Economic growth measures the*

increase in PPP

increase in education index

increase in output

none of the above

11.The quality of life index (physical) is an aggregation of widely available indicators of basic human needs. Which of the following is not a component of the index:*

life expectancy

per capita income

infant mortality

literacy

12.The concept of Purchasing Power Parity*

is based upon the cost of hamburgers around the world

is based upon the cost of the same market basket of goods in different countries

is based upon the market exchange rate

is based upon the nominal exchange rate

13.Which measure uses a common set of international prices for all goods and services produced?*

purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity income levels

GNI price deflators

foreign exchange rate conversions to U.S. dollars

the exchange rate

14.The Lewis model of the dual economy makes the following assumption(s)*

The rural wage initially remains constant

Industry makes a profit by employing cheap labor

Rural wage will rise when industry expands sufficiently

all of the above

none of the above

15.Industry faces an elastic supply curve of labor because the marginal product of labor in agriculture is*

lower than its marginal product in industry

less than the average product in agriculture

very low or zero

constant at all levels of agricultural output

16.The Arthur Lewis model utilizes the assumption that,*

an unlimited supply of labor is available at a fixed wage rate

supply of labor is a strictly increasing function of wage rate

labor supply grows at a fixed rate

disguised unemployment must not exist in the agricultural sector.