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36. The null hypothesis for chi square states that the: a. means for each group are equal b. means for each group are equal to the fo's c. fo's are equal to the fe's d. population mean is equal to the sample mean 37. When the chi square fo's deviate signicantly from the fe's, then: a. the independent rule has been violated c. the chi square cannot be calculated b. the data are not nominal d. the null hypothesis is rejected 38. On a 1 by k chi square with a sample size of 100, the degrees of freedom must always equah a. 100 b. 99 c. kl d. none ofthese 39. The degrees of freedom on a 3 by 3 chi square are equal to: a. 9 b. 4 c. 3 d. cannot tell from this 40. On a l by k chi square, the tabled value needed for signicance, at a given alpha level, cannot be found unless: a. the number of subjects is known c. the number of rows is known b. the number of categories is known d. all of these 41. A researcher obtains a 2 by 2 chi square value of 3.83. The appropriate degrees of ' freedom indicate required table values of 3.84 at .05 and 6.64 at .01. The researcher should: a. accept Ho c. reject H0 at .01 b. reject H0 at .05 d. only test the a priori hypothesis 42. Whenever a single group of subjects is being allocated among four independent categories, the chi square analysis would be: a. l by 3 b. 1 by4 c. 2 by 2 d. cannot tell from this 43. When several groups of subjects are being compared with regard to some observed frequencies, the appropriate chi square analysis would be: a. l by k b. r by k c. N by (if d. none of these 44. When fe's are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals, and divided by N, the chi square is a(n): a. 1 by k b. rbyk c. 1 byr d. all ofthese 45. When comparing two or more groups with regard to some observed equencies, the independent variable should be set in the: a. rows b. columns c. margin totals d. lower rt corner 46. Your text describes a study where subjects in Group A received daily doses of Vitamin C and subjects in Group B received a daily placebo. Later, the two groups were compared as to whether or not the subjects caught the u. The independent variable in the study was: a. whether the subjects caught the flu c. the control group b. whether the subjects received Vitamin C d. the placebo 47. When the chi square value is negative, it means: a. the relationship is inverse c. the fo's are greater than the fe's b. the second group is higher than the rst group (1. none of these 48. Chi square, the t and F, always tests the hypothesis of: a. association b. correlation c. difference d. a priori events 49. The chi square is a: a. parametric test of mean differences 0. a parametric test of frequency differences b. a non-parametric test d. an interval test of rank differences 50. When the 2 by 2 chi square contingency table contains expected frequencies of less than 5: a. a Special correction must be applied 6. the degrees of freedom must increase by 5 b. coefcient of contingency must be applied (1. the chi square should not be calculated