Please Make this summary in Memorandum format As you requested, I am submitting this executive summary of the article, "What Really Makes Toyota's Production System Resilient" by Willy C. shih. This article was published in the Harvard Business Review on November 15,2022. In 2021, Toyota is set to surpass General Motors as the top seller in North America as the creator of lean concepts. A stronger capacity for adapting to disruptions was achieved through the Toyota Production System. Toyota takes a strategic approach to inventory planning, including strategically sized inventories in the right locations to act as a buffer to meet changing demands, safety stock, and a nuanced view of lead times. After the earthquake in Japan, the company realized that it needed to carry far more inventory of semiconductor chips, and that the location of so much of the world's critical chip production facilities in areas prone to natural disasters made them vulnerable. The lead time and appropriate inventory plans are influenced by usage rates and patterns. TPS maintains 13 weeks of steel coil inventory in Georgetown. Toyota Production System (TPS) suppliers are based on trust and support. When a supplier encounters problems, Toyota offers to help them address them, and they are willing to accept it. Toyota partners with the supplier to resolve the problem quickly and has the expertise as well as the trusting relationship to go into a supplier and help solve problems. I think that the article is well-written and it provides a good overview of Toyota's production system.