Please read questions carefully and refer to Chapter 1 of your text and/or pages entitled, "You must know ATP?", "Energy Systems", and "Muscle Matters". Answer each question by choosing the correct letter and answer. Be sure to provide the letter and answer, NOT just the letter of the answer you are choosing.

Diane information again:

Diane is a highly motivated endurance athlete looking to improve his training and competitive performance by seeking advice from a sports trainer/physiologist. She is initially subjected to an exercise graded treadmill test that involves brief periods of exercise at relatively low intensity, followed by progressive increases in exercise intensity until he was fatigued and unable to continue. Based on these results, a series of optimal exercise intensities at which Diane could train over the next 6 weeks to improve her performance. The proposed training program involved 6 sessions a week: 4 sessions of 60-90 min of continuous exercise at ~65-75% Wmax and 2 sessions a week, 6 x 1 min at 90-100% Wmax, with 3 min rest between bouts.

5) During the exercise bouts, the cellular process that used the most ATP during the skeletal muscle contractile cycle was:

a) maintenance of sarcolemmal excitability (Na+/K+ ATPase)

b) cross-bridge cycling (myosin ATPase)

c) restoration of SR calcium stores (SERCA Ca2+ ATPase)

6) The major substrate for muscle metabolism during the exercise bouts at 90-100% Wmax was:

a) blood glucose

b) muscle triglycerides

c) muscle glycogen

7) During the exercise training sessions at 65-75% Wmax, there was a progressive rise in blood glycerol levels over the 60-90 min. This was due to:

a) increasing release of glycerol from adipose tissue and muscle due to increased lipolysis

b) decreasing uptake of glycerol from the blood by the liver

c) progressive conversion of glucose into glycerol via gluconeogenesis

8) Following the 6 weeks of intensified, endurance training, an important muscle adaptation contributing to enhanced performance was:

a) increased muscle mass

b) enhanced mitochondrial density and oxidative potential

c) decreased muscle capillary density

9) Diane completed one of her prolonged training sessions in the morning after an overnight fast and without CHO ingestion, but felt somewhat fatigued towards the end of the session. He attributed this to a low blood glucose level. Her blood glucose would have been low because:

a) liver glucose output was reduced due to depletion of liver glycogen

b) the brain has a high demand for glucose during exercise

c) the increase in plasma fatty acids inhibited muscle glucose uptake

10) During exercise at the same absolute power output after the period of endurance training, Diane’s metabolism would be characterized by:

a) greater lactate production

b) enhanced oxidation of fatty acids, derived from both adipose tissue and intramuscular triglycerides

c) increased glucose uptake and oxidation