Please read the case below and respond to TWO of the questions below.

Toby is a 15-year-old boy whose parents have requested an assessment to better understand how to help him academically and socially. Toby is currently in 10th grade, and his parents report that ever since starting high school, Toby has seemed "disengaged, angry, and isolated." They report that he has had trouble making friends and spends most of his free time alone. He tried out for the high school baseball team and made the 9th grade team, but was so disappointed that he did not make JV that he quit the sport altogether. His grades in middle school were As and Bs, but now they are Cs and a few Ds. His parents noted that as long as Toby is putting in effort, that are fine with the lower grades, but they don't think he is really trying and that he is just slacking off watching TV, playing video games, and "wasting his time." They say that when they have tried to talk to Toby about what is going on, he shuts down and disengages. Toby's parents report that he met his developmental milestones on time. He was shy as a child and they had to encourage him to play with other kids on the playground. They also noted that he had a harder time separating from them during pre-school than his classmates did, but that this seemed to resolve by the time he entered kindergarten. Toby used to play a lot with his younger brother Brian (age 13), but that recently Toby just seems irritated with Brian, and the boys bicker a lot at home. The parents noted that the only major change in their lives was that Toby's maternal grandmother, who he was very close to, died about a year ago from a heart attack, and that Toby took it very hard. Toby reports that he feels "fine" and that he has one good friend, Oscar, whom he talks to at school. He would like more friends, but he doesn't think he is that interesting and that kids would likely ignore him if he tried to talk to them. He says the transition to high school was harder than he anticipated since most of the kids he knew from middle school had gone to other high schools and the work was much harder and more intense than middle school. He reports that he feels lost in class, but is not sure how to ask his teachers for help. He said he quit baseball because he just doesn't like it anymore, and he wishes his parents would stop pressuring him to play. He says he understands why his parents are worried, but that he doesn't know why he feels and acts the way he does and that he just wants to be left alone.

Questions

1. Based on the information provided, would Toby's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors be considered problematic? Defend your answer. 2. In order to bill insurance for Toby's session, you have to provide a diagnosis. Given the information you have so far, what diagnosis or diagnoses might you consider for Toby and why? 3. What information would you want to collect during your second session to determine whether or not your diagnosis or diagnoses are correct? Why would this information be helpful? 4. Describe the types of treatment and therapeutic techniques that you would use with Toby to address his varied symptoms.