Please read the following case study carefully and answer the questions being followed.

Pakistan

History

Pakistan's history contains many rulers both local and international rulers. After gaining independence in 1947 from the British rule, Pakistan and India came to war with each other. In 1949 Pakistan's constitution assembly passed objectives resolutions, but these resolutions were mainly based on Islam in comparison to today's democracy. After the initial war with India, instability within the country caused another war in 1965, this instability escalated into the use of gorilla weapons and warfare followed by another war in 1971 paving the way for what is known as Bangladesh. The military took over in 1977 followed by restoration of Democracy in 1988. Military took over again in 1999 followed by restoration of Democracy in 2008. The country witnessed the third transfer of power after the recently concluded elections in July 2018.

Geography

Pakistan is a southern Asian country which borders India, Afghanistan, Iran and China. Pakistan has a very hot and dry climate to offer with most of the days being hot. This has caused the terrain to be flat, plain and have a fairly desert environment. The country has many natural resources such as extensive natural gas, petroleum and copper. All of which that can be used for economic uses. Pakistan is rated 146th in the world's development index as they still have environmental issues such as water pollution, which has caused a lack of freshwater resources. Pakistan is also a country that is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes and flooding caused by heavy monsoon rains.

Economy & Trade

Pakistan's growth since independence has been higher than the world's average growth rates. Since Pakistan's recession 5 years after independence they economy have been growing every year. But due to the current economic climate, Pakistan has now reached a balance of payments crisis. The International Monetary Fund bailed out Pakistan in November 2008 to avert a balance of payments crisis followed by another bail out in 2014 and in July last year increased the loan to $11.3 billion from an initial $7.6 billion.

Some facts and figures:

Pakistan Population: 203,709,174Youth population below 30 years: 64%

GDP growth rate: 3.9%Inflation rate: 9.41%

Labor force: 59.21 million Rural Population: 62%

Urban Population: 38%Literacy Rate: 57%

Unemployment rate: 5.9% External Loans: $99 billion

Exports: $24.824 billionImports:$56.002 billion

GDP per capita: $1,641Tax to GDP ratio: 11%

Pakistan'sHuman Development Index: 150 out of 189 countries

Pakistan's Corruption Perception Index 117th place out of 180 countries

Child Mortality: 74.9 deathsper 1,000 live births

Pakistan's official Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) = 40%

Please answer following questions with reference to above case study:

1. Explain Economic challenges of Pakistan with consideration of above data. (4 Marks)

2. Explain political struggle of Pakistan since its inception and is effects on development agenda of country. (4 Marks)

3. Discuss how you can contribute for development agenda of Pakistan. (2 Marks)