Please this is urgent !!! What are the steps, formula, diagrams(free body diagram) that can be used to answer this question ? please explain how the answer can be derived. Thank you.

1) what is the key physics concept that is crucial for the operation of each of the following items (stated below) and explain what role it plays in it's successful operation (i.e , the item would not function because >blank> would happen).

i. modern credit/debit cards (also things like Apple Pay)

ii airport security devices

iii gasoline cars

iv electric cars