Please use the table below to answer the following questions where:

C = currency

D = demand deposits

ER = excess reserves

RR = required reserves

MB = monetary base

All numbers are in billions of $ US.

FOR ALL CALCULATIONS OF THE MONEY SUPPLY USE THE EXPRESSION THAT WE DERIVED: THE MONEY MULTIPLIER x THE MONETARY BASE. DO NOT USE THE SIMPLE C + D DEFINITION TO CALCULATE MONEY SUPPLY. IN THEORY THEY ARE THE SAME, EMPIRICALLY, DUE TO LACK OF COMPLETE DATA, THEY DIFFER SLIGHTLY.a) (5 points) Calculate the money multiplier and the money supply for July of 2008 (2008-07-01).

b) (5 points) Calculate the money multiplier and the money supply for July of 2009 (2009-07-01).

c)(10 points - 5 for each explanation) Explain why: 1) the money multiplier is so different and 2) why the monetary base is so different between these two periods.

d) (5 points) Calculate what the money supply would have been if the Fed increased the monetary base as they did from July of 2008 to July of 2009 but the money multiplier remained at its value in July of 2008.

e) (5 points) Given the conditions that prevailed during July of 2009, suppose the Fed wanted to increase the money supply by 10% from it value in July of 2009. What type and how many open market operations would they need to conduct?