Question
pls provide explanation to my workings below for this question,. i have deleted the previous question which was lengthy. just need to view below solution
pls provide explanation to my workings below for this question,. i have deleted the previous question which was lengthy. just need to view below solution and advise which option debt/equity mix maximises the PV and NPVS....? no cals need but review and explain thanks
Option | NPV ($) |
Option 1 | 633,716.80 |
Option2 | 1,181,900.90 |
Option 3 | 1,754,958.37 |
Explanation:
Step 1: Calculate WACC
Calculate WACC using the formula; Wacc= (cost of equity* weight of equity)+ (cost of debt *weight of debt)
WACC | ||||||
Equity | Debt | Amount of Equity | Amount of Debt | Cost of Equity | Cost of debt | WACC |
0.3 | 0.7 | 1,500,000 | 3,500,000 | 15% | 5.50% | 8.35% |
0.5 | 0.5 | 2,500,000 | 2,500,000 | 13% | 7% | 10.00% |
0.7 | 0.3 | 3,500,000 | 1,500,000 | 11.50% | 7.50% | 10.30% |
Calculate the interest and loan balance under each financing option
Option 1 | |||
Principal | Interest | Balance | |
Year 1 | 3,500,000.00 | 192,500.00 | 3,307,500.00 |
Year 2 | 3,307,500.00 | 181,912.50 | 3,125,587.50 |
Year 3 | 3,125,587.50 | 171,907.31 | 2,953,680.19 |
Year 4 | 2,953,680.19 | 162,452.41 | 2,791,227.78 |
Year 5 | 2,791,227.78 | 153,517.53 | 2,637,710.25 |
Option 2 | |||
Principal | Interest | Balance | |
Year 1 | 2,500,000.00 | 175,000.00 | 2,325,000.00 |
Year 2 | 2,325,000.00 | 162,750.00 | 2,162,250.00 |
Year 3 | 2,162,250.00 | 151,357.50 | 2,010,892.50 |
Year 4 | 2,010,892.50 | 140,762.48 | 1,870,130.03 |
Year 5 | 1,870,130.03 | 130,909.10 | 1,739,220.92 |
Option 3 | |||
Principal | Interest | Balance | |
Year 1 | 1,500,000.00 | 112,500.00 | 1,387,500.00 |
Year 2 | 1,387,500.00 | 104,062.50 | 1,283,437.50 |
Year 3 | 1,283,437.50 | 96,257.81 | 1,187,179.69 |
Year 4 | 1,187,179.69 | 89,038.48 | 1,098,141.21 |
Year 5 | 1,098,141.21 | 82,360.59 | 1,015,780.62 |
Calculate Year 5 cashflows:
Cash flow = sale price -loan price
Year cash flow | Option1 | Option2 | Option 3 |
Sale price | 4,000,000.00 | 4,000,000.00 | 4,000,000.00 |
Loan balance | 2,637,710.25 | 1,739,220.92 | 1,015,780.62 |
Cash flow | 1,362,289.75 | 2,260,779.08 | 2,984,219.38 |
Calculate the after tax cash flow.
Income after tax= cashflows-interest-tax
Option 1: After-tax cash flow | |||||
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | |
Cash flows | 200,000.00 | 200,000.00 | 30,000.00 | 300,000.00 | 1,362,289.75 |
Interest | 192,500.00 | 181,912.50 | 171,907.31 | 162,452.41 | 153,517.53 |
Income before tax | 7,500.00 | 18,087.50 | - 141,907.31 | 137,547.59 | 1,208,772.22 |
Tax | 1,500.00 | 3,617.50 | - | 27,509.52 | 241,754.44 |
Income after tax | 6,000.00 | 14,470.00 | - 141,907.31 | 110,038.07 | 967,017.78 |
Option 2: After-tax cash flow | |||||
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | |
Cash flows | 200,000.00 | 200,000.00 | 30,000.00 | 300,000.00 | 2,260,779.08 |
Interest | 175,000.00 | 162,750.00 | 151,357.50 | 140,762.48 | 130,909.10 |
Income before tax | 25,000.00 | 37,250.00 | - 121,357.50 | 159,237.53 | 2,129,869.98 |
Tax | 5,000.00 | 7,450.00 | - | 31,847.51 | 425,974.00 |
Income after tax | 20,000.00 | 29,800.00 | - 121,357.50 | 127,390.02 | 1,703,895.98 |
Option 3: After-tax cash flow | |||||
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | |
Cash flows | 200,000.00 | 200,000.00 | 30,000.00 | 300,000.00 | 2,984,219.38 |
Interest | 112,500.00 | 104,062.50 | 96,257.81 | 89,038.48 | 82,360.59 |
Income before tax | 87,500.00 | 95,937.50 | - 66,257.81 | 210,961.52 | 2,901,858.79 |
Tax | 17,500.00 | 19,187.50 | - | 42,192.30 | 580,371.76 |
Income after tax | 70,000.00 | 76,750.00 | - 66,257.81 | 168,769.22 | 2,321,487.03 |
Calculation of NPVs
Option 1 | Cash flow | Discounting factor | Present value |
Year 1 | 6,000.00 | 0.922934933 | 5,537.61 |
Year 2 | 14,470.00 | 0.851808891 | 12,325.67 |
Year 3 | - 141,907.31 | 0.786164182 | - 111,562.45 |
Year 4 | 110,038.07 | 0.725578386 | 79,841.25 |
Year 5 | 967,017.78 | 0.669661639 | 647,574.71 |
NPV | 633,716.80 | ||
Option 2 | Cash flow | Discounting factor | Present value |
Year 1 | 20,000.00 | 0.922934933 | 18,458.70 |
Year 2 | 29,800.00 | 0.851808891 | 25,383.90 |
Year 3 | - 121,357.50 | 0.786164182 | - 95,406.92 |
Year 4 | 127,390.02 | 0.725578386 | 92,431.45 |
Year 5 | 1,703,895.98 | 0.669661639 | 1,141,033.78 |
NPV | 1,181,900.90 | ||
Option 3 | Cash flow | Discounting factor | Present value |
Year 1 | 70,000.00 | 0.922934933 | 64,605.45 |
Year 2 | 76,750.00 | 0.851808891 | 65,376.33 |
Year 3 | - 66,257.81 | 0.786164182 | - 52,089.52 |
Year 4 | 168,769.22 | 0.725578386 | 122,455.30 |
Year 5 | 2,321,487.03 | 0.669661639 | 1,554,610.81 |
NPV | 1,754,958.37 |
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