Preferred stock is like long$-$term debt since both $\_\_\_\_\_,$ but preferred stock also resembles equity since both $\_\_\_\_\_.$

rank above common stock in the priority of claims; grant voting rights to the stockholder

make regular, fixed payments; don't guarantee dividend payments

are tax$-$deductible expenses for the firm; have no definite maturity date

have a finite maturity date; have unlimited upside potential