PricewaterhouseCoopers has been found liable in an accounting malpractice case that alleged it failed to detect the $2 billion fraud that led to one of the biggest bank collapses in history.

The alleged fraud involved executives at Taylor, Bean & Whitaker, a defunct mortgage firm, and counterparts at Colonial Bank, an Alabama-based lender that supplied TBW with loans.

PwC gave the banks parent, Colonial BancGroup, a clean audit for years before it emerged that huge chunks of Colonials loans to TBW were secured against assets that did not exist. Colonial collapsed in August 2009.

In the malpractice case, U.S. District Judge Barbara Jacobs Rothstein agreed with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation that PwC failed to meet professional accounting standards in its audits of Colonial. The FDIC sued the firm after incurring $2.8 billion from Colonials collapse.

PwC did not design its audits to detect fraud and PwCs failure to do so constitutes a violation of the auditing standards, Rothstein ruled.

The fraud, which centered in Colonials mortgage warehouse lending division, was orchestrated by Lee Bentley Farkas, the chairman of TBW, with the aid of Catherine Kissick, the head of the Colonials MWLD, and other Colonial employees.

PwC said it was duped by Farkas, who skimmed millions of dollars from Colonial to buy a private jet, vintage cars and a vacation home. But Rothstein faulted PwC for, among other things, failing to inspect or even request to inspect the underlying documents for some TBW mortgages.

PWC argues that even if it had attempted to inspect the underlying loan documents, it would not have uncovered the fraud because the fraudsters would simply have created fake documents, Rothstein noted. This, of course, is something that we will never know. However, what we do know is that Ms. Kissick, one of the key fraudsters, testified that if PWC had asked to see even just ten loan files [t]he jig would be up.

The case now moves into a damages phase, where the FDIC is seeking, according to one pre-trial document, as much as $2.1 billion.

on the basis of above case study answer the following question:

With reference to the facts of the selected case, the significant Auditing and Accounting issues and the final judgement handed down in your selected case:

The root-cause of the issues such as; market pressure, organisational culture, fraud etc. any problems, mistakes or misrepresentations made by the defendants, which contributed to the adverse judgement and the awarding of damages, Finally, provide recommendations and possible improvements to: o the Audit Strategy, o the Audit Program, o Other effective measures; which would prevent the recurrence of the same litigation in the future and maintain the professional reputation of auditors.