Print Architecture and Space Scoring Guide Due Date: End of Unit 2. Percentage of Course Grade: 10%. Note: Your instructor may also use the Writing Feedback Tool to provide feedback on your writing. In the tool, click on the linked resources for helpful writing information. Architecture and Space Scoring Guide Grading Rubric Criteria Non-performance Basic Proficient Distinguished Describe the spatial and architectural features of familiar places. 20% Does not describe the spatial and architectural features of familiar places. Describes some spatial features of familiar places. Describes the spatial and architectural features of familiar places. Explains the spatial and architectural features of familiar places. Apply theoretical principles to the architecture of everyday spaces. 20% Does not apply theoretical principles to the architecture of everyday spaces. Lists some theoretical principles to the architecture of everyday spaces. Applies theoretical principles to the architecture of everyday spaces. Applies sound theoretical principles to the architecture of everyday spaces. Illustrate the influence of architecture on personal experience. 20% Does not illustrate the influence of architecture on personal experience. Illustrates the Lists examples of influence of architecture in architecture on personal personal experience. experience. Explains the influence of architecture on personal experience. Assess how traditional architecture contributes to experience of spaces we inhabit. 20% Does not assess how traditional architecture contributes to experience of spaces we inhabit. Explains how traditional architecture contributes to experience of spaces we inhabit. Analyzes how traditional architecture contributes to experience of spaces we inhabit. Assesses how traditional architecture contributes to experience of spaces we inhabit. Criteria Non-performance Basic Proficient Distinguished Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics. 20% Does not write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics. Writes in support of a central idea with inconsistent attention to format, grammar, usage, and mechanics. Writes coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics. Writes coherently, using evidence to support a central idea in a consistent format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics. Print Discussion Participation Scoring Guide Due Date: Weekly. Percentage of Course Grade: 25%. Discussion Participation Grading Rubric. Non-performance Basic Proficient Criteria Applies relevant course concepts, theories, or materials correctly. Distinguished Does not explain relevant course concepts, theories, or materials. Explains relevant course concepts, theories, or materials. Applies relevant course concepts, theories, or materials correctly. Analyzes course concepts, theories, or materials correctly, using examples or supporting evidence. Does not collaborate Collaborates with with fellow learners. fellow learners, relating the discussion to relevant course concepts. Collaborates with fellow learners without relating discussion to the relevant course concepts. Collaborates with fellow learners, relating the discussion to relevant course concepts. Collaborates with fellow learners, relating the discussion to relevant course concepts and extending the dialogue. Does not contribute Applies relevant professional, personal, professional, or other real-world personal, or other experiences. real-world experiences. Contributes professional, personal, or other real-world experiences, but lacks relevance. Applies relevant professional, personal, or other real-world experiences. Applies relevant professional, personal, or other real-world experiences to extend the dialogue. Participation Guidelines Actively participate in discussions. To do this you should create a substantive post for each of the discussion topics. Each post should demonstrate your achievement of the participation criteria. In addition, you should also respond to the posts of at least two of your fellow learners for each discussion question-unless the discussion instructions state otherwise. These responses to other learners should also be substantive posts that contribute to the conversation by asking questions, respectfully debating positions, and presenting supporting information relevant to the topic. Also, respond to any follow-up questions the instructor directs to you in the discussion area. To allow other learners time to respond, you are encouraged to post your initial responses in the discussion area by midweek. Comment to other learners' posts are due by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. (Central time zone). Running head: Architecture and Space 1 An analysis of Modern Architecture and Theoretical Application of Principles to Familiar Spaces Student name: Registration Number: Running head: Architecture and Space 2 Assignment 1: The shape of public space Modern Monumental structures The Jewish museum Berlin is one of the largest museums in Europe built by the architect Daniel Libeskind (Fisher, 2004). The museum mainly displays two millennia of the German-Jew historical relationship in a permanent show casing and in a variety of changing exhibitions. (Taylor) further explains that the Jewish museum Berlin was initially opened in the year 2001 and it attracted more than 350,000 people after its construction was completed in the year 1999. The Jewish museum Berlin continues to be one of Germany's most frequented tourist destinations due to the fact that it offers a glimpse into the affluent Jewish way of life before the holocaust. According to Libeskind & Binnet (1999), the Jewish museum Berlin serves as a present and future reminder of the moral lessons taught in holocaust history and the presence of Jewish culture in Germany. Even though majority of visitors to the Jewish museum Berlin are of German descent, the museum tells the story of Jewish life in Berlin. The exhibitions enable people recognize that Jews are a crucial part of the German history and that without Jews, there would be a void in the history of Berlin. Scheider (2000) explains that the structure of the Jewish museum Berlin is an indicator of Germany's cultural landscape but most of all it reminds Germans to make rational and decisive contribution to the historical consciousness of the nation. The museum further illustrates the positive outcomes of allowing ethnic minorities to contribute to a nation's economy and the drawbacks of intolerant and prejudice behavior towards such ethnic minorities. Place (2000) depicts that the museum symbolizes a popular determination to address past issues and use the lessons acquired to deal with modern day societal problems. Running head: Architecture and Space 3 Another modern monumental structure is the Steilneset Memorial which was dedicated to the victims of Witch trials in Vardo, Norway. The monument was designed by a swiss architect Peter Zumthor and was later opened in 2011. Andreassen & Willumsen (2014) explain that the new monument is seen as part of the modern day attempts by democratic governments to make up for past atrocities which more than often resulted in the death of innocent individuals. The Steilneset Memorial is a reminder that desolate and empty places also hold powerful memories. The memory of the ninety one individuals accused of sorcery is depicted through a light bulb that continuously burns behind a window, which establishes the need for recognizing cultural differences that result in condemnation and enactment of hateful atrocities. The darkened glass room was separately designed by Bourgeois in the same year as Peter Zumthor. The endless fire burning on top a steel chair represents the flame that was used to burn the 91 individuals accused of witchcraft. Bourgeois (2011) explains that the monument elaborates on the historical cultural differences which culminate in an ill-advised reason to commit cultural atrocities, aimed at fighting evil. (Bourgeois) further explains that the traumatic memory of the 91 victims burned alive also raises the level of awareness concerning the violation of human rights in passing death sentences. The witch trials are a clear indication of the development and adjustment of justice system to prevent the unjust issuing of death sentences. Private structures Private monuments are faced with the serious issue of demolition to pave way for the development interests of private developers. Negligence in preservation of private monuments over the years has resulted in the loss of crucial archaeology data hence the need to protect monuments in privately owned lands. Certain private monuments provide links to historical Running head: Architecture and Space 4 cultural heritage that explains the existence and cultural way of life of a particular society. Fiedler (2007) infers that that private monumental structures serve as physical exhibitions of societal order and co-operative will. (Fiedler) further explains that failure to preserve private monumental structures would result in a loss in ability to replicate certain happenings that facilitated the shaping of relationships of authority and equality among those who inhabited such buildings and individuals who visit or merely pass by them. The design of private monuments was mainly done to express elite personalities during the developmental stages of a government or society. As imbalanced social systems arose, with elites in quest of power and identity establishment, monumental buildings became the common norm, and often prevailed as material structures in a landscape. The fact that private structures give an idea of how prominent individuals lived many years ago, is reason enough to note the importance of preserving private monumental structures. Architectural evidence proves that inequality is an aspect of society that prevailed even in earlier societies. Humayun's Tomb The Humayun's tomb in India was built in 16th century by the Mughal emperor where he was buried alongside wife (Naqoi, 2007). The tomb is presented as an exemplary historical design of a different kind, one that might portend well for the imminence of other celebrated sites in India. After almost three centuries of desertion, the Indian government has been fully committed to the renovation of the Humayun tomb and the complicated architecture is no longer eclipsed by signs of years of deterioration that were noticeable earlier. The government's commitment coupled with aid from the private sector is proof enough that the Humayun's tube will survive for any years to come. Running head: Architecture and Space 5 Assignment 2: Architecture and space Introduction Ellegood (2002) explains that spaces in everyday life define the daily activities that are performed by individuals from diverse spaces. Existence in a particular space more than often leads to decision making based on an individual's physical surrounding. The following essay elaborates on the three familiar spaces where an individual incorporates sensory inputs in performing certain tasks. Types of spaces Counter space Horiki & Yoda (2004) explain that a counter space is the type of a space where a representative indicates authority in the capacities of regulation. The representative typically acts on behalf of the space owner or within individual right where there is individual possession of the space. Within such a spatial state, users enjoy widespread spatial parameters, which are highly restrictive as well as modest, nevertheless purposive space operators undertake their spatial activities. Counter spaces are mostly encountered in public settings, frequented by individuals with the aim of attaining higher levels satisfaction. Such spaces are usually frequented by people who talk in low tones, dressed in expensive clothes laced with expensive colognes. Counter spaces bear with them a certain reverse effect on the sensory inputs of individuals who frequent places with a high level of security awareness. A person's sensory reactions to counter spaces usually provides a sense of discomfort and discriminatory eye from security personnel. A certain feeling of nervousness and uncertainty on where to begin as far as individual needs are Running head: Architecture and Space 6 concerned. A perfect example of such a counter space is a jewelry store or an office setting where there is an immediate preconception that such a space only accommodates people with a particular interest in mind. The common observable feature of individual behavior is a sense of advance civic culture and a sense of sophistication and class displayed by both space owners and users of the space. Shared spaces Secondly, the feeling of strangeness is almost inescapable in shared spaces based on the fact that a basic proportion of reciprocal tension overwhelms and individual's habitual traits when compared to behavioral display in private places. However, shared spaces are much different compared to counter spaces based on the fact that individuals in charge of such spaces incorporate the expression of individual associational and cultural interests. Shared spaces are much less formal and are usually designed to draw the attention of space users and encourage them to make use of the available space (Long, 2005). The demographics of individuals in shared spaces varies from one shared space to another based on the fact that a large number of people prefer shared spaces. There is an array of special equipment and personnel that encourage socialization among space users hence eliminating the feeling of strangeness. Shared spaces are mostly public spaces that commercially recognize the interests of the space users. An example of a shared space is a shopping mall where there is synchronization of interaction among strangers. Observation in such a shared space suggest two observable features: socialization between customers and buyers and socialization among customers. This sort of relationship is usually coupled with a distinct feature of loud talking and laughter. The environment is much less formal and the culture is depicted by a common display of \"civil Running head: Architecture and Space 7 inattention\". There is an atmosphere of easiness and free will but this is only acceptable to a certain extent. Shared spaces are much less formal compared to counter spaces and are mostly preferred when unwinding and searching for a feeling of freshness. Appropriate spaces The third and final type of space is the appropriate space which incorporates a low level of spatial control and governance. Space users control and manage how they utilize the space and there is often frustration on the part of the space owner when they try to limit the extent to which users make use of such spaces. Appropriate spaces are identifiable through an ensuing spatial culture characterized by a sense of free will and reckless behavior. There is a feeling of less comfort and the purpose of the space is less significant to the space users. Spatial discipline is rarely enforced in appropriate spaces and the lack of social amenities e.g. air conditioning and washrooms limits the level of satisfaction attained from such spaces. A cheap restaurant is an example of an appropriate space where observable individual behavior is characterized by lack of moral respect for one another. There are constant arguments which instigate a harsh exchange of words and sometimes even violence. This may happen when a customer is served with cold food or when customers argue among themselves. A lack of safety sometimes limits the ability of certain individual to air their concerns hence dissatisfaction on the part of space users. Appropriate spaces are not favored by most individuals and hence may not be ideal in terms of getting a certain level of satisfaction. Application of architectural features to spaces According to Jefferis & Madsen (2005), sustainable development is a problem that has continued to be a considerable feature studied by scientific civilizations ever since the late twentieth century, thus it Running head: Architecture and Space 8 continues to be of distinct importance in a variety of scientific fields. Architecture is among the numerous fields of sustainable growthotherwise known as \"justifiable architecture\". Sustainable structures may be referred to as structures, which strive for fundamental quality (together with social, economic and ecological enactment), in a comprehensive way. Therefore, societal sustainability, at the architectural level has been well-thought-out as a vital aspect of ecological studies. Crysler & Heynen (2012) explain that social sustainability, economic and ecological approach uses three distinctive principles which take into account the emotional comfort of spatial users: Human behavior and undertakings; Human needs; and Human association with the environment. Human behavior and undertakings Chong (2012) explains that human beings undertake their everyday tasks to meet individual needs, hence there is a close relationship between the behavior and needs of employees. The traditional approach of socio-cultural attitudes is dictated by the condition of activities which generates behavior and hence sustainable development in architectural design should be aimed towards establishment of spatial surroundings that enhance rational and deliberative behavior. An example of such a surrounding is the counter spaces which place emphasis on a strictly formal behavior rather than behavior, based on customs and cultural tradition. This is in direct contrast to appropriate spaces behavior is dictated by emotional impulses which is caused by low social activities and the neglected physical activities. A cheap restaurant would operate well if only it is kept clean, treats the customers with respect and serves hot food. In such a scenario customers would gain a sense of respect and dignity and hence indicate positive behavior. Human needs Running head: Architecture and Space 9 In the topic of human wants and urbanism, Maslow's hierarchy of needs are organized from the strongest to the weakest. Environmental spatial needs are identified in the need for security. Success of spaces is partly influenced by the provision of security by space owners. The design of such spaces should incorporate installation of security gadgets which satisfy space users that their security needs are met. The environmental needs of space users are met by making sure that the spatial environment is free from either noise or ecological pollution. Clean and hygienic bathrooms would also be an added advantage. Traditional socio-economic features should consider the hiring of a respectful and customer oriented staff. This would contribute to the satisfaction weaker user needs such as self-esteem, aesthetic and cognitive needs. The success of counter spaces is mostly attributed to the complete satisfaction of space user needs. Despite this fact, space providers sometimes fail to provide for the socio-economic needs as a result of rudeness and lack ethical codes of conduct by the space providers. Human association with the environment The environment within which a space is situated determines the level if spatial satisfaction that a user gets from a particular environment. The notion of affordance is modest yet significant. It is crucial in the designing of environments in that the affordances of environment limit the behavioral and aesthetic choices of an individual. Traditional socio economic features of appropriate in this case encompass the existence of rogue and free will behavior which is enhanced by a low affordance environment. Increasing the price of food in a low affordance would change the group of customers that frequents the restaurant thus improving on the behavioral and aesthetic choices of space users. Running head: Architecture and Space 10 References Andreassen, R. L., & In Willumsen, L. H. (2014). Steilneset memorial: Art architecture history. Bourgeois, L. (2011). Steilneset minnested: Til minne om de trolldomsdmte i Finnmark = Steilneset Memorial : to the Ellegood, A., New Museum of Contemporary Art (New York, N.Y.), & Henry Art Gallery. (2002). Out of site: Fictional architectural spaces. New York: New Museum of Contemporary Art. victims of the Finnmark witchcraft trials. Oslo: Press. Crysler, C. G., Cairns, S., & Heynen, H. (2012). The SAGE handbook of architectural theory. (Sage Knowledge.) Los Angeles: SAGE. Fischer, R. E. (1964). Architectural engineering: New structures. New York: McGraw-Hill. Fiedler, F., International Council on Monuments and Sites., & International Seminar on Legal Structures of Private Sponsorship and Participation in the Protection and Maintenance of Monuments. <2006, Weimar>. (2007). Legal structures of private sponsorship: International Seminar on Legal Structures of Private Sponsorship and Participation in the Protection and Maintenance of Monuments, Weimar/ Germany, April 17 to 19, 1997. Munchen: International Council of Monuments and Sites. International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction, Chong, W. K. O., Hermreck, C., Construction Institute., & University of Kansas. (2012). ICSDC 2011: Integrating sustainability practices in the construction industry : proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction, March 23-25, 2011, Kansas City, Missouri. Reston, Va: American Society of Civil Engineers. Running head: Architecture and Space 11 Jefferis, A., & Madsen, D. A. (2005). Architectural drafting & design. New Albany: Thomson Delmar Learning. Libeskind, D., & Binet, H. (1999). Jewish Museum, Berlin. Amsterdam?: G + B Arts International. Long, M. (2005). Architectural acoustics. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. Naqoi, S. A. A. (1947). Delhi. Humayun's tomb and adjacent buildings. Delhi: Published by the Manager of publications. Place, J. W. (2007). Architectural structures. Hoboken, N.J: J. Wiley & Sons. Schneider, R., Bolk, F., & Judisches Museum Berlin (1999- ). (2000). The Jewish Museum Berlin. Berlin: Stadtwandel Verlag. Running head: Management 1 Running head: Management 2 Tests conducted in specialized business knowledge Introduction Home depot is a top ranking business that specializes in selling hardware material in the United States (Weinberger, 2001). The company's success is mostly attributed to its moderately low expenditure store locations, low prices offered by the company and its collection of well-trained staff. Lief (2006) explains that the success of a business can be ascertained using application performance management, hence the application of these three tests: incentive-based test, more knowledgeable employee test and the lower-wage based test. The following is an analysis of how Home Depot would respond to the three performance based tests mentioned above. Incentive based test Imberman (2012) explains that incentive based testing, bases the performance of a business on adequate or poor remuneration of employees. Home Depot offers a compensation program whose sole intention is to help employees to select plans and programs that congregate personal and family requirements. These benefit plans are available to salaried, full time hourly and part time hourly employees. According to home depot (2001), the company has a staff of more than 350,000 employees and the number keeps growing annually. In light of these facts, it is evident that Home Depot successfully passes the incentive-based analysis. More knowledgeable employee test Home depot develops most of its leaders by placing 17,000 employees in leadership positions and 80% of those are in-house promotions (Home Depot, 2006). After placing employees in Running head: Management 3 leadership positions, the company goes further and offers a training and development program aimed at improving employees' customer service skills. The company's recruitment strategy incorporates recruitment and hiring of employees who are professionals in their fields of expertise. Hence, the success of Home Depot is partly attributed to the adoption of a recruitment and development strategy which is aimed at sharpening the skills of its employees. Conclusion Thus, based on the incentive based test and the more knowledgeable test, it is evident that Home Depot passes both tests. Running head: Management 4 References Home Depot (Firm). (2006). Decks 1-2-3: Expert advice from the Home Depot. Des Moines, IA: Meredith Books. Imberman, S. A., Lovenheim, M. F., & National Bureau of Economic Research. (2012).Incentive strength and teacher productivity: Evidence from a group-based teacher incentive pay system. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research. Lief, J., Healy, D., Blank, A., Marcus, B., ABC News., Arts and Entertainment Network., A & E Home Video (Firm), ... New Video Group. (2006). The Home Depot. Burlington, VT: A & E Home Video. Weinberger, K., LaPadula, T., & Home Depot (Firm). (2001). The Home Depot. New York: Scholastic