PROBABILITY TUTORS

ANSWER URGENTLY AND CORRECTLY

PART 1

The slope is considerably different from zero, rejecting the null hypothesis for SR F significant. We calculate the fraction of Y variability attributable to X in large samples since modest slopes can be substantial (effect size: R2)

For SR, we're going to accept the null.

F is not significant, and the slope is close to zero.

b1(1), t(df) =, p =, R2 = APA ns = Variable X not a significant predictor of Y: t(df) =, p = APA ns = Variable X not a significant predictor of Y: t(df) =, p = APA ns = Variable X not a significant predictor of Y

b1(1), t(df) =, p =, R2 = s = X is a significant predictor of Y: b1(1), t(df) =, p =, R2 = Then explain the nature of the slope, for example, as X increases, Y grows.

- For hand, report b, and for SPSS, report

PART 2

Question:

Carrying

out the public health mission described inChapter 2requires

systematic identification of health problems and the development of means to

solve those problems. This volume has described the history of the development

of this problem-solving capability and its current status in the United States.

With that description as a backdrop and drawing on a review of the literature,

site visits, statements at the four open meetings, review of other case studies

(Miller and Moos, 1981; Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences,

1982b), and the recent evaluation of progress by the U.S. Public Health ServiceThe 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation(Office of Disease Prevention and Health

Promotion, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,

1986), the committee has identified some appreciable barriers to effective

problem-solving in public health

31 It is

stated that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the relaxation of the lower oesophageal

sphincter (LOS) and that sildenafil is given for treating achalasia. As far as

I know, sildenafil acts to increase the guanine monophosphate (GMP), just as NO

uses the same mechanism to relax the LOS. Could you explain this paradox?

32 In

Kumar and Clark Clinical Medicine you mention that auscultation is not

important in cases of gastrointestinal disorders, but Harrison's Principles of

Internal Medicine gives this as being of equal importance because succussion

splash and bowel sounds can help in presumptive diagnosis. Succussion splash

indicates gastric obstruction (e.g. gastroparesis) and likewise bowel sounds

can help determine the status of developing ileus. Would you agree that this is

therefore a diagnostic tool?

33 Is it

hazardous to give aspirin in the antiplatelet doses (75-325 mg/day) to a

patient with a past history of haematemesis proved to be from a peptic ulcer?

34 How

can upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding be distinguished from lower GI

bleeding by using faecal analysis?

35 In

upper gastrointestinal bleeding, without knowing the cause or source of

bleeding, why do we give proton pump inhibitors (PPIs, e.g. omeprazole)? What

is the role of these, if the source of bleeding is not peptic or duodenal ulcer?

36 Why is

the incidence of coeliac disease increasing in many countries?

37 Are

small amounts of gluten harmful to a patient with coeliac disease?

38 I

refer to the treatment of complications related to diverticular disease. Under

'bleeding' you mention that 'Persistent bleeding can often be arrested by

undertaking an "instant" barium enema, which acts to plug the offending

diverticulum'. When I mentioned this to my consultant he said he had never

heard of this. Could you clarify how this would work and where I could obtain

more information?

39 In

children with abdominal pain and fever, does a white cell count help establish

a diagnosis of appendicitis?

40 I have

always been taught that ulcerative colitis only affects the large bowel with

some associated proctitis. I read in your chapter on gastrointestinal disease

that it can cause mouth ulcers and am now confused.