Problem 4 (~ 4.82 on page 313) Concussions and Brain Size. In this exercise, we test for evidence that average brain size is larger in football players who have never had a concussion (FBNoConcuss) than in football players with a history of concussions (FBConcuss). The data are in FootballBrain2 (on Blackboard), where the variable Hipp measures brain size as the volume of the hippocampus (in ML) for each subject. (a) Define the parameter(s) for this question, using appropriate notation. (b) Write the null and alternative hypotheses in terms of the parameter(s) above. (c) Use StatKey to find the value of the relevant sample statistic. Write it using correct notation. (d) Use StatKey to find the p-value for your hypotheses. Include a screenshot of the randomization dotplot with tail area and write the p-value here. p-value = (e) State the conclusion of the test in context. Include wording to indicate the strength of the evidence against Ho. (f) Assuming there is a significant difference, can we conclude from this study that concussions cause the differences we see in brain size? Why or why not? - 3