Problem 6-20 CVP Applications: Break-Even Analysis, Cost Structure, Target Sales [LO6-1, LO6-3, LO6-4, LO6-5, LO6-6, LO6-8] Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost. Last year, the company sold 48,000 of these balls, with the following results: $ Sales (48,000 balls) Variable expenses Contribution margin Fixed expenses Net operating income 1,200,000 720,000 480,000 319,000 161,000 $ Required: 1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year's sales level. 2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls? 3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $161,000, as last year? 4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs? 5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company's new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls? 6. Refer to the data in (5) above. a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $161,000, as last year? b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 48,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage. Problem 6-21 Sales Mix, Multiproduct Break-Even Analysis [LO6-9] Gold Star Rice, Ltd., of Thailand exports Thai rice throughout Asia. The company grows three varieties of riceWhite, Fragrant, and Loonzain. Budgeted sales by product and in total for the coming month are shown below: White Loonzain 32% $ $ $ Percentage of total sales Sales Variable expenses Contribution margin Fixed expenses Net operating income $ Product Fragrant 20% 156,000 124,800 31,200 48% 374,400 112,320 262,080 100% 30% 70% 100% 80% 20% 249,600 137,280 112,320 100% 55% 45% Total 100% 780,000 374,400 405,600 225,680 179,920 100% 48% 52% $ $ $ $ $225,680 Dollar sales to break-even = - Fixed expenses CM ratio = 5434.000 0.52 As shown by these data, net operating income is budgeted at $179,920 for the month and the estimated break-even sales is $434,000. Assume that actual sales for the month total $780,000 as planned. Actual sales by product are: White, $249,600; Fragrant, $312,000; and Loonzain, $218,400. Required: 1. Prepare a contribution format income statement for the month based on the actual sales data. 2. Compute the break-even point in dollar sales for the month based on your actual data
