Problems

• 1.

Use the following business rules to do a Crow's Foot ERD. make all appropriate connectivities and cardinalities in the ERD.

A department employs many employees, but each employee is employed by only one department.

Some employees, known as "rovers," are not assigned to any department.

A division operates many departments, but each department is operated by only one division.

An employee may be assigned many projects, and a project may have many employees assigned to it.

A project must have at least one employee assigned to it.

One of the employees manages each department, and each department is managed by only one employee.

One of the employees runs each division, and each division is run by only one employee.

• 2.

do a complete ERD in Crow's Foot notation that can be implemented in the relational model using the following description of operations. Hot Water (HW) is a small start-up company that sells spas. HW does not carry any stock. A few spas are set up in a simple warehouse so customers can see some of the models available, but any products sold must be ordered at the time of the sale.

HW can get spas from several different manufacturers.

Each manufacturer produces one or more different brands of spas.

Each and every brand is produced by only one manufacturer.

Every brand has one or more models.

Every model is produced as part of a brand. For example, Iguana Bay Spas is a manufacturer that produces Big Blue Iguana spas, a premium-level brand, and Lazy Lizard spas, an entry-level brand. The Big Blue Iguana brand offers several models, including the BBI-6, an 81-jet spa with two 6-hp motors, and the BBI-10, a 102-jet spa with three 6-hp motors.

Every manufacturer is identified by a manufacturer code. The company name, address, area code, phone number, and account number are kept in the system for every manufacturer.

For each brand, the brand name and brand level (premium, mid-level, or entry-level) are kept in the system.

For each model, the model number, number of jets, number of motors, number of horsepower per motor, suggested retail price, HW retail price, dry weight, water capacity, and seating capacity must be kept in the system.

• 3.

The Jonesburgh County Basketball Conference (JCBC) is an amateur basketball association. Each city in the county has one team as its representative. Each team has a maximum of 12 players and a minimum of 9 players. Each team also has up to 3 coaches (offensive, defensive, and physical training coaches). During the season, each team plays 2 games (home and visitor) against each of the other teams. Given those conditions, do the following:

Identify the connectivity of each relationship.

Identify the type of dependency that exists between CITY and TEAM.

Identify the cardinality between teams and players and between teams and city.

Identify the dependency between COACH and TEAM and between TEAM and PLAYER.

Draw the Chen and Crow's Foot ERDs to represent the JCBC database.

Draw the UML class diagram to depict the JCBC database.

• 4.

do an ERD based on the Crow's Foot notation using the following requirements:

An INVOICE is written by a SALESREP. Each sales representative can write many invoices, but each invoice is written by a single sales representative.

The INVOICE is written for a single CUSTOMER. However, each customer can have many invoices.

An INVOICE can include many detail lines (LINE), each of which describes one product bought by the customer.

The product information is stored in a PRODUCT entity.

The product's vendor information is found in a VENDOR entity.

• 5.

The Hudson Engineering Group (HEG) has contacted you to do a conceptual model whose application will meet the expected database requirements for the company's training program. The HEG administrator gives you the following description of the training group's operating environment. (Hint: Some of the following sentences identify the volume of data rather than cardinalities. Can you tell which ones?)

The HEG has 12 instructors and can handle up to 30 trainees per class. HEG offers 5 Advanced Technology courses, each of which may generate several classes. If a class has fewer than 10 trainees, it will be canceled. Therefore, it is possible for a course not to generate any classes. Each class is taught by one instructor. Each instructor may teach up to 2 classes or may be assigned to do research only. Each trainee may take up to 2 classes per year.

Given that information, do the following:

• 6.

Automata, Inc., produces specialty vehicles by contract. The company operates several departments, each of which builds a particular vehicle, such as a limousine, truck, van, or RV.

Before a new vehicle is built, the department places an order with the purchasing department to request specific components. Automata's purchasing department is interested in creating a database to keep track of orders and to accelerate the process of delivering materials.

The order received by the purchasing department may contain several different items. An inventory is maintained so the most frequently requested items are delivered almost immediately. When an order comes in, it is checked to determine whether the requested item is in inventory. If an item is not in inventory, it must be ordered from a supplier. Each item may have several suppliers.

• 7.

United Helpers is a nonprofit organization that provides aid to people after natural disasters. Based on the following brief description of operations, make the appropriate fully labeled Crow's Foot ERD.

Volunteers carry out the tasks of the organization. The name, address, and telephone number are tracked for each volunteer. Each volunteer may be assigned to several tasks, and some tasks require many volunteers. A volunteer might be in the system without having been assigned a task yet. It is possible to have tasks that no one has been assigned. When a volunteer is assigned to a task, the system should track the start time and end time of that assignment.

Each task has a task code, task description, task type, and task status. For example, there may be a task with task code "101," a description of "answer the telephone," a type of "recurring," and a status of "ongoing." Another task might have a code of "102," a description of "prepare 5,000 packages of basic medical supplies," a type of "packing," and a status of "open."

For all tasks of type "packing," there is a packing list that specifies the contents of the packages. There are many packing lists to produce different packages, such as basic medical packages, child-care packages, and food packages. Each packing list has an ID number, a packing list name, and a packing list description, which describes the items that should make up the package. Every packing task is associated with only one packing list. A packing list may not be associated with any tasks, or it may be associated with many tasks. Tasks that are not packing tasks are not associated with any packing list.

Packing tasks result in the creation of packages. Each individual package of supplies produced by the organization is tracked, and each package is assigned an ID number. The date the package was created and its total weight are recorded. A given package is associated with only one task. Some tasks (such as "answer the phones") will not produce any packages, while other tasks (such as "prepare 5,000 packages of basic medical supplies") will be associated with many packages.

The packing list describes the ideal contents of each package, but it is not always possible to include the ideal number of each item. Therefore, the actual items included in each package should be tracked. A package can contain many different items, and a given item can be used in many different packages.

Each item that the organization provides has an item ID number, item description, item value, and item quantity on hand stored in the system. Along with tracking the actual items that are placed in each package, the quantity of each item placed in the package must be tracked as well. For example, a packing list may state that basic medical packages should include 100 bandages, 4 bottles of iodine, and 4 bottles of hydrogen peroxide. However, because of the limited supply of items, a given package may include only 10 bandages, 1 bottle of iodine, and no hydrogen peroxide. The fact that the package includes bandages and iodine needs to be recorded along with the quantity of each item included. It is possible for the organization to have items that have not been included in any package yet, but every package will contain at least one item.

• 8.

Using the Crow's Foot notation, do an ERD that can be implemented for a medical clinic using the following business rules:

A patient can make many appointments with one or more doctors in the clinic, and a doctor can accept appointments with many patients. However, each appointment is made with only one doctor and one patient.

Emergency cases do not require an appointment. However, for appointment management purposes, an emergency is entered in the appointment book as "unscheduled."

If kept, an appointment yields a visit with the doctor specified in the appointment. The visit yields a diagnosis and, when appropriate, treatment.

With each visit, the patient's records are updated to provide a medical history.

Each patient visit creates a bill. Each patient visit is billed by one doctor, and each doctor can bill many patients.

Each bill must be paid. However, a bill may be paid in many installments, and a payment may cover more than one bill.

A patient may pay the bill directly, or the bill may be the basis for a claim submitted to an insurance company.

If the bill is paid by an insurance company, the deductible is submitted to the patient for payment.

• 9.

do a Crow's Foot notation ERD to support the following business operations:

A friend of yours has opened Professional Electronics and Repairs (PEAR) to repair smartphones, laptops, tablets, and MP3 players. She wants you to make a database to help her run her business.

When a customer brings a device to PEAR for repair, data must be recorded about the customer, the device, and the repair. The customer's name, address, and a contact phone number must be recorded (if the customer has used the shop before, the information already in the system for the customer is verified as being current). For the device to be repaired, the type of device, model, and serial number are recorded (or verified if the device is already in the system). Only customers who have brought devices into PEAR for repair will be included in this system.

Since a customer might sell an older device to someone else who then brings the device to PEAR for repair, it is possible for a device to be brought in for repair by more than one customer. However, each repair is associated with only one customer. When a customer brings in a device to be fixed, it is referred to as a repair request, or just "repair," for short. Each repair request is given a reference number, which is recorded in the system along with the date of the request, and a description of the problem(s) that the customer wants fixed. It is possible for a device to be brought to the shop for repair many different times, and only devices that are brought in for repair are recorded in the system. Each repair request is for the repair of one and only one device. If a customer needs multiple devices fixed, then each device will require its own repair request.

There are a limited number of repair services that PEAR can perform. For each repair service, there is a service ID number, description, and charge. "Charge" is how much the customer is charged for the shop to perform the service, including any parts used. The actual repair of a device is the performance of the services necessary to address the problems described by the customer. Completing a repair request may require the performance of many services. Each service can be performed many different times during the repair of different devices, but each service will be performed only once during a given repair request.

All repairs eventually require the performance of at least one service, but which services will be required may not be known at the time the repair request is made. It is possible for services to be available at PEAR but that have never been required in performing any repair.

Some services involve only labor activities and no parts are required, but most services require the replacement of one or more parts. The quantity of each part required in the performance of each service should also be recorded. For each part, the part number, part description, quantity in stock, and cost is recorded in the system. The cost indicated is the amount that PEAR pays for the part. Some parts may be used in more than one service, but each part is required for at least one service.

• 10.

Luxury-Oriented Scenic Tours (LOST) provides guided tours to groups of visitors to the Washington, D.C. area. In recent years, LOST has grown quickly and is having difficulty keeping up with all of the various information needs of the company. The company's operations are as follows:

LOST offers many different tours. For each tour, the tour name, approximate length (in hours), and fee charged is needed. Guides are identified by an employee ID, but the system should also record a guide's name, home address, and date of hire. Guides take a test to be qualified to lead specific tours. It is important to know which guides are qualified to lead which tours and the date that they completed the qualification test for each tour. A guide may be qualified to lead many different tours. A tour can have many different qualified guides. New guides may or may not be qualified to lead any tours, just as a new tour may or may not have any qualified guides.

Every tour must be designed to visit at least three locations. For each location, a name, type, and official description are kept. Some locations (such as the White House) are visited by more than one tour, while others (such as Arlington Cemetery) are visited by a single tour. All locations are visited by at least one tour. The order in which the tour visits each location should be tracked as well.

When a tour is actually given, that is referred to as an "outing." LOST schedules outings well in advance so they can be advertised and so employees can understand their upcoming work schedules. A tour can have many scheduled outings, although newly designed tours may not have any outings scheduled. Each outing is for a single tour and is scheduled for a particular date and time. All outings must be associated with a tour. All tours at LOST are guided tours, so a guide must be assigned to each outing. Each outing has one and only one guide. Guides are occasionally asked to lead an outing of a tour even if they are not officially qualified to lead that tour. Newly hired guides may not have ever been scheduled to lead any outings. Tourists, called "clients" by LOST, pay to join a scheduled outing. For each client, the name and telephone number are recorded. Clients may sign up to join many different outings, and each outing can have many clients. Information is kept only on clients who have signed up for at least one outing, although newly scheduled outings may not have any clients signed up yet.

Define all of the entities and relationships. (Use Table 4.4 as your guide.)

Describe the relationship between instructor and class in terms of connectivity, cardinality, and existence dependence.