Production systems can be classified as Job Shop, Batch, Mass and Continuous Production systems Classification of Production System Continuous Production Mass Production Batch Production Job-shop Production JOB SHOP PRODUCTION Job shop production are characterized by manufacturing of one or few quantity of products designed and produced as per the specification of customers within prefixed time and cost. The distinguishing feature of this is low volume and high variety of products. A job shop comprises of general purpose machines arranged into different departments. Each job demands unique technological requirements, demands processing on machines in a certain sequence. Examples . Tallor shop Cycle & repairing shops Custom car painting Advantages 1. Because of general purpose machines and facilities variety of products can be produced. 2. Operators will become more skilled and competent, as each job gives them learning opportunities. 3. Full potential of operators can be utilized. 4. Opportunity exists for creative methods and innovative Ideas. Limitations 1. Higher cost due to frequent set up changes. 2. Higher level of inventory at all levels and hence higher inventory cost. 3. Production planning is complicated. 4. Larger space requirements. BATCH PRODUCTION When many similar items are prepared together. Each batch goes through one stage of production process before moving onto next stage Examples Bakeries products Ms. REEMA MAZHAR BBA 6A Cloth production Sports shoes, cricket bat manufacturing etc. Advantages 1. Making in batches reduces unit costs 2. Can still address specific customer needs (e.g. size, weight, style) 3. Use of specialist machinery & skills can increase output and productivity Limitations 1. Material handling is complex because of irregular and longer flows. 2. Production planning and control is complex. 3. Work in process inventory is higher compared to continuous production. MASS PRODUCTION Manufacturing large quantities of standardized products frequently using assembly line technology Examples Car Computer Guns Fast food Electronic goods Advantages 1. Higher rate of production with reduced cycle time. 2. Higher capacity utilization due to line balancing. 3. Less skilled operators are required. 4. Low process Inventory. 5. Manufacturing cost per unit is low. Limitations 1. Breakdown of one machine will stop an entire production line. 2. Line layout needs major change with the changes in the product design. 3. High investment in production facilities. CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION Continuous production is a flow of production method used to manufacturing, produce, or process material without Interception. Examples Sugar factory Cement factory Oil refinery Advantages 1. Standardization of product and process sequence. 2. Higher rate of production with reduced cycle time. 3. Higher capacity utilization due to line balancing. 4. Manpower is not required for material handling as it is completely automatic. 5. Person with limited skills can be used on the production line. 6. Unit cost is lower due to high volume of production. Ms. REEMA MAZHAR BBA 6 A Limitations 1. Flexibility to accommodate and process number of products does not exist. 2. Very high investment for setting flow lines. 3. Product differentiation is limited.