1- Which of the following violates the principle of compositionality?

A) Unambiguous sentences, such as The dogs chased the squirrels

B) Idiomatic sentences, such as She got a slap on the wrist, meaning she received a light punishment

C) Lexically ambiguous sentences, such as I've caught a bug, meaning either I've caught an insect or I've caught an illness of some kind

D) Structurally ambiguous sentences, such as Jordan saw the boy with glasses, meaning he was either wearing glasses when he saw the boy or he saw a boy who was wearing glasses

E) All of the above

2- In Japanese, the prefix hi- can attach to nouns such as kaiin 'member' and gengo 'verbal (language)' to form the words hi-kaiin 'non-member' and hi-gengo 'non-verbal'. This prefix hi- generates words of what semantic type?

A) complementary antonym

B) gradable antonym

C) converse antonym

D) hyponym

E) hypernym

3-  Which of the following would NOT be considered support for the theory of Universal Grammar?

A) All cultures and languages have a term for the sun

B) Babies go through the same stages of language acquisition in the same order

C) Signed languages show similar structure to spoken languages

D) Children can produce sentences they've never heard before

E) Creole languages tend to converge on similar grammars

4- Which of the following can be used as an argument AGAINST the Imitation Theory of language acquisition?

A) Children produce overgeneralizations like foots

B) Children produce semantic overextensions like using the word bug to refer to a fly, a crumb on the floor, a polka-dot, and a small button on a shirt

C) Children are able to form phonetically accurate plurals of nonsense words like zoop ([zups]) and zatch ([zæʧəz])

D) Children exhibit productivity

E) All of the above

5- A young child wants his mom to drink hot cocoa with him and expresses this desire as a holophrase. Which of the following utterances did he most likely use?

A) Kokoko!

B) Hotcoco?

C) Drink cocoa?

D) Mommy drink cocoa?

E) Will mommy drink cocoa with me?

6- Which of the following would NOT be characteristic of a native deaf ASL signer suffering from Broca's aphasia?

A) slow, halting sign production

B) productions consisting primarily of content morphemes

C) poor sign comprehension

D) improper use of inflections

E) all of the above are typical of Broca's aphasia in ASL signers

7- Brain imaging is done on a native 'whistler' of the whistling language Silbo Gomero. When this individual hears a whistled phrase in this language, which of the two hemispheres would primarily be involved in processing it?

A) the left, because music is processed in the left hemisphere in the musically trained

B) the right, because music is a nonspeech sound and is processed in the right hemisphere

C) the left, because s/he processes it analytically as language, which is done in the left hemisphere

D) the right, because the tune creates an emotional response which is a right hemisphere task

E) both hemispheres would show equal activation

8- Consider the intended speech utterance "paper doll". Which of the following would result if a speaker accidentally does metathesis of the place of articulation feature in the underlined word-initial sounds?

A) daper poll

B) taper boll

C) baper toll

D) maper noll

E) none of the above