Provide a figure showing the apparatus required to perform a  hydrogenation reaction at 1atm. H2, without the need for  specialist glassware/equipment. (The apparatus should be  suitable for performing the reaction in a fumehood).

(ii) Provide a figure showing the ‘Parr shaker’ hydrogenation  apparatus required to perform a hydrogenation at 4 atm. H2.

(iii) Provide a figure showing the apparatus required to perform a  hydrogenation reaction at high pressures of hydrogen (e.g 50- 100 atm. H2.)(Avoid large scale industry examples, answers  should be suitable to be performed in a lab at a university) 

(iv) Provide a figure showing the ThalesNano ‘H-Cube Mini Plus’  hydrogenation apparatus capable of hydrogenation under  flow conditions.

 N.B. Figures must include all major components labelled.

(b) For all 4 hydrogenation apparatus (a(i)-a(iv)) above, provide one example of  a heterogeneous hydrogenation reaction published in the literature recording  an excellent (>90% yield) of the product. Your 4 answers should include the  reaction scheme (including the hydrogenation method and conditions) and  the reference (with embedded hyperlink to the paper) to your literature  sources.