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In those countries in which specific legal consequences attach to commercial transactions, it is necessary to develop a precise definition of whatconstitutesa commercial transaction. Although such definitions are more or less closely related, they are peculiar to each individual country. The majority of them, found generally at the beginning of a special "commercial code," combine two elements: definitions of a "merchant" and of a "commercial transaction." In certain countriesGermany, for examplethe emphasis is on the definition of the merchant; in others, such as France, the emphasis is on that of the commercial transaction (acte de commerce). This lattercriterion, the so-called objective test, was adopted in the 19th century for ideological reasons, the French wanting to avoid any repetition of the pre-Revolutionary differentiation of legal rules according to the social condition of persons. However, whatever the test, the results are quite similar, because the gist of the various definitions is that a transaction is "commercial" if it is concluded by a merchant in the exercise of his profession. Only a few traces of rules on commercial transactions in antiquity have survived. The most notable is a rule developed by the seafaringPhoeniciansand named after the island of Rhodes in the eastern Mediterranean. The "Rhodian Law" provided that losses incurred by a sea captain as a result of trying to save ship and cargo from peril must be shared proportionately by all owners of cargo and by the shipowner. If, for example, one merchant's cargo was thrown overboard in order to save the ship from sinking, the loss would be shared among the shipowner and all the other merchants with cargoes aboard. This rule applied in the entire Mediterranean and is today known in themaritime lawof all nations as generalaverage.

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2.Falsify or rationalize.

BI endorses enterprises to achieve venture privileges from data.

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BI is a sort of catalogue package that offers an edge to assist operators quickly and interactively examine the consequences in a variety of scopes of the data

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